New insight into the biological activity of Salmo salar NK-lysin antimicrobial peptides

NK-lysin is a potent antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. NK-lysin is a type of granulysin, a member of the saposin-like proteins family first isolated from a pig’s small intestine. In previous work, for the first time, we identifie...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in Immunology
Main Authors: Leonardo Ortega, Crisleri Carrera, Carolina Muñoz-Flores, Santiago Salazar, Milton F. Villegas, María F. Starck, Ariel Valenzuela, Niza Agurto, Raquel Montesino, Allisson Astuya, Natalie Parra, Ercilia T. Pérez, Natacha Santibáñez, Alex Romero, Pamela Ruíz, Emilio Lamazares, Fátima Reyes, Oliberto Sánchez, Jorge R. Toledo, Jannel Acosta
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024
Subjects:
NK-lysin
antimicrobial peptide
immune response
cytokines
Salmo salar
Immunologic diseases. Allergy
RC581-607
Atlantic salmon
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1191966
https://doaj.org/article/5a9fe38e9a21442d9d60b7bc9ce3877a
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Summary:NK-lysin is a potent antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. NK-lysin is a type of granulysin, a member of the saposin-like proteins family first isolated from a pig’s small intestine. In previous work, for the first time, we identified four variants of nk-lysin from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using EST sequences. In the present study, we reported and characterized two additional transcripts of NK-lysin from S. salar. Besides, we evaluated the tissue distribution of three NK-lysins from S. salar and assessed the antimicrobial, hemolytic, and immunomodulatory activities and signaling pathways of three NK-lysin-derived peptides. The synthetic peptides displayed antimicrobial activity against Piscirickettsia salmonis (LF-89) and Flavobacterium psychrophilum. These peptides induced the expression of immune genes related to innate and adaptive immune responses in vitro and in vivo. The immunomodulatory activity of the peptides involves the mitogen-activated protein kinases-mediated signaling pathway, including p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and/or c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Besides, the peptides modulated the immune response induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Our findings show that NK-lysin could be a highly effective immunostimulant or vaccine adjuvant for use in fish aquaculture.

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