Cosmeceutical Potential of Extracts Derived from Fishery Industry Residues: Sardine Wastes and Codfish Frames

• Published in: Antioxidants
• Main Authors: Martim Cardeira, Ana Bernardo, Inês C. Leonardo, Frédéric B. Gaspar, Marta Marques, Rodrigo Melgosa, Alexandre Paiva, Pedro Simões, Naiara Fernández, Ana Teresa Serra
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2022
• Subjects: fish waste streams valorisation; antioxidant activity; anti-inflammatory activity; antimicrobial activity; anti-ageing; anti-hyperpigmentation; Therapeutics. Pharmacology; RM1-950; Gadus morhua
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11101925; https://doaj.org/article/38a455501dd14f67949e757bef725b0f

The fishery industry generates large amounts of waste (20–75% ( w / w ) of the total caught fish weight). The recovery of bioactive compounds from residues and their incorporation in cosmetics represents a promising market opportunity and may contribute to a sustainable valorisation of the sector. In this work, protein-rich extracts obtained by high-pressure technologies (supercritical CO 2 and subcritical water) from sardine ( Sardina pilchardus ) waste and codfish ( Gadus morhua ) frames were characterized regarding their cosmeceutical potential. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities were evaluated through chemical (ORAC assay), enzymatic (inhibition of elastase and tyrosinase), antimicrobial susceptibility ( Klebsiella pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes ) and cell-based (in keratinocytes-HaCaT) assays. Sardine extracts presented the highest antibacterial activity, and the extract obtained using higher extraction temperatures (250 °C) and without the defatting step demonstrated the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (1.17; 4.6; 0.59 mg/mL for K. pneumoniae , S. aureus and C. acnes , respectively). Codfish samples extracted at lower temperatures (90 °C) were the most effective anti-inflammatory agents (a concentration of 0.75 mg/mL reduced IL-8 and IL-6 levels by 58% and 47%, respectively, relative to the positive control). Threonine, valine, leucine, arginine and total protein content in the extracts were highlighted to present a high correlation with the reported bioactivities (R 2 ≥ 0.7). These results support the potential application of extracts obtained from fishery industry wastes in cosmeceutical products with bioactive activities.