A landscape review of malaria vaccine candidates in the pipeline

Abstract Background Globally, malaria continues to pose a major health challenge, with approximately 247 million cases of the illness and 627,000 deaths reported in 2021. However, the threat is particularly pronounced in sub-Saharan African countries, where pregnant women and children under the age...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines
Main Authors: Yusuf Amuda Tajudeen, Habeebullah Jayeola Oladipo, Sodiq Inaolaji Yusuff, Samuel O. Abimbola, Muritala Abdulkadir, Iyiola Olatunji Oladunjoye, Abass Olawale Omotosho, Oluwaseyi Muyiwa Egbewande, Hameedat Damilola Shittu, Rashidat Onyinoyi Yusuf, Oluwatosin Ogundipe, Abdulbasit Opeyemi Muili, Abdullateef Opeyemi Afolabi, Salwa M. A. Dahesh, Marwa Ahmed Mahmoud Gameil, Mona Said El-Sherbini
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024
Subjects:
Malaria vaccine
Vaccine technologies
Global health
Vaccine-induced immune response
Clinical trials
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
RC955-962
Arctic
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-024-00222-3
https://doaj.org/article/0e5b06f9952d4b599955fe59bdb6faf5
Description
Summary:Abstract Background Globally, malaria continues to pose a major health challenge, with approximately 247 million cases of the illness and 627,000 deaths reported in 2021. However, the threat is particularly pronounced in sub-Saharan African countries, where pregnant women and children under the age of five face heightened vulnerability to the disease. As a result, the imperative to develop malaria vaccines especially for these vulnerable populations, remains crucial in the pursuit of malaria eradication. However, despite decades of research, effective vaccine development faces technical challenges, including the rapid spread of drug-resistant parasite strains, the complex parasite lifecycle, the development of liver hypnozoites with potential for relapse, and evasion of the host immune system. This review aims to discuss the different malaria vaccine candidates in the pipeline, highlighting different approaches used for adjuvating these candidates, their benefits, and outcomes, and summarizing the progress of these vaccine candidates under development. Method A comprehensive web-based search for peer-reviewed journal articles published in SCOPUS, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Science Direct, WHO, and Advanced Google Scholar databases was conducted from 1990 to May 2022. Context-specific keywords such as “Malaria”, “Malaria Vaccine”, “Malaria Vaccine Candidates”, “Vaccine Development”, “Vaccine Safety”, “Clinical Trials”, “mRNA Vaccines”, “Viral Vector Vaccines”, “Protein-based Vaccines”, “Subunit Vaccines”, “Vaccine Adjuvants”, “Vaccine-induced Immune Responses”, and “Immunogenicity” were emphatically considered. Articles not directly related to malaria vaccine candidates in preclinical and clinical stages of development were excluded. Results Various approaches have been studied for malaria vaccine development, targeting different parasite lifecycle stages, including the pre-erythrocytic, erythrocytic, and sexual stages. The RTS, S/AS01 vaccine, the first human parasite vaccine reaching WHO-listed authority maturity ...

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