Possible high risk of transmission of the Nipah virus in South and South East Asia: a review

Abstract Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic, single-stranded RNA virus from the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus. NiV is a biosafety-level-4 pathogen that is mostly spread by Pteropus species, which serve as its natural reservoir host. NiV is one of the major public health challenges in South...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Tropical Medicine and Health
Main Authors: Jagadish Joshi, Yogendra Shah, Kishor Pandey, Ram Prashad Ojha, Chet Raj Joshi, Lok Raj Bhatt, Shyam Prakash Dumre, Pushpa Raj Acharya, Hem Raj Joshi, Shikha Rimal, Ramesh Shahi, Deepak Pokharel, Kamal Singh Khadka, Bimal Dahal, Saroj Nepal, Ram Singh Dhami, Krishna Prasad Pant, Rajdip Basnet, Basu Dev Pandey
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: BMC 2023
Subjects:
Nipah virus
Southeast Asia
ELISA
PCR
One Health
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
RC955-962
Arctic
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-023-00535-7
https://doaj.org/article/05623df5db094a71ba95665401782fd5
Description
Summary:Abstract Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic, single-stranded RNA virus from the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus. NiV is a biosafety-level-4 pathogen that is mostly spread by Pteropus species, which serve as its natural reservoir host. NiV is one of the major public health challenges in South and South East Asia. However, few molecular studies have been conducted to characterise NiV in a specific region. The main objective of this review is to understand the epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular surveillance, transmission dynamics, genetic diversity, reservoir host, clinical characteristics, and phylogenetics of NiV. South and South East Asian nations have experienced NiV outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that two primary clades of NiV are in circulation. In humans, NiV causes severe respiratory illness and/or deadly encephalitis. NiV is mainly diagnosed by ELISA along with PCR. Therefore, we recommend that the governments of the region support the One Health approach to reducing the risk of zoonotic disease transmission in their respective countries.

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