Prospects for mapping temporal height variations of the seasonal CO2 snow/ice caps at the Martian poles by co-registration of MOLA profiles

• Published in: Planetary and Space Science
• Main Authors: Xiao, Haifeng, Stark, Alexander, Steinbrügge, Gregor, Thor, Robin, Schmidt, Frédéric, Oberst, Jürgen
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2022
• Subjects: Planetengeodäsie; Erdsystem-Modellierung; South Pole; Ice cap; South pole
• Online Access: https://elib.dlr.de/192940/; https://elib.dlr.de/192940/1/192940_PF.pdf; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0032063322000320?via%3Dihub

We investigate the feasibility and demonstrate the merits of using Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) profiles to retrieve seasonal height variations of CO2 snow/ice cap in Mars’ polar areas by applying a co-registration strategy. We present a prototype analysis on the research region of [85.75°S, 86.25°S, 300°E, 330°E] that is located on the residual south polar cap. Our method comprises the recomputation of MOLA footprint coordinates with an updated Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) ephemeris and a revised Mars rotation model. The reprocessed MOLA dataset at the South Pole of Mars (poleward of 78°S) is then self-registered to form a coherent reference digital terrain model (DTM). We co-register segments of reprocessed MOLA profiles to the self-registered MOLA reference DTM to obtain the temporal height differences at either footprints or cross-overs. Subsequently, a two-step Regional Pseudo Cross-over Adjustment (RPCA) procedure is proposed and applied to post-correct the aforementioned temporal height differences for a temporal systematic bias and other residual errors. These pseudo cross-overs are formed by profile pairs that do not necessarily intersect, but are connected through the underlying DTM. Finally, CO2 snow/ice temporal height variation is obtained by median-filtering those post-corrected temporal height differences. The precision of the derived height change time series is ∼4.7 cm. The peak-to-peak height variation is estimated to be ∼2 m. In addition, a pronounced ”pit” (transient height accumulation) of ∼0.5 m in magnitude centered at Ls = 210° in southern spring is observed. The proposed method opens the possibility to map the seasonal CO2 snow/ice height variations at the entire North and South polar regions of Mars.