El cuadro clínico de la intoxicación ocupacional por plomo

Lead, a ubiquitous heavy metal, has been found in placesas unlikely as Greenland’s fossil ice. Egyptians and Hebrewsused it. In Spain, Phoenicians c. 2000 BC worked ores oflead. At the end of the XX century, occupational lead’spoisoning became a public health problem in developedcountries. In non-de...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Ramírez, Augusto V.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:Spanish
Published: 2005
Subjects:
Online Access:https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=8378441
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Summary:Lead, a ubiquitous heavy metal, has been found in placesas unlikely as Greenland’s fossil ice. Egyptians and Hebrewsused it. In Spain, Phoenicians c. 2000 BC worked ores oflead. At the end of the XX century, occupational lead’spoisoning became a public health problem in developedcountries. In non-developed countries occupational leadpoisoning is still frequent. Diagnosis is directed to recognizelead existence at the labor environment and good clinicaland occupational documentation. Differential diagnosisconsiders neurological and abdominal pain syndromes.Both blood lead and zinc-protoporphyrin levels aretrustworthy and crucial analysis. In exposed workers,blood-lead can attain 40 ug/100 mL and even 80 ug/100mL in unhealthy industries workers and zinc-protoporphyrin is above 4 ug/g of hemoglobin. Treatmentconsists mainly in calcium disodium edetate, d-penicillamidlead’s quelantes, or the new di-mercapto succinic acid and2-3 di-mercapto-1-propane sulfonic acid that haveimproved the therapeutic options, are less toxic and easierto manage. We highlight lead’s problem as a high-priorityproblem in public and occupational health, as well as aserious ecological problem. Al plomo, metal pesado grisáceo y ubicuo, se le ha encontrado en lugares tan inverosímiles como los hielos fósiles de Groenlandia. Egipcios y hebreos lo usaron. Los fenicios c. 2000 AC trabajaron menas de plomo en España. Al final del s XX, en países desarrollados, la intoxicación por plomo pasó de problema ocupacional a problema de salud pública. Entre nosotros aún es frecuente la intoxicación ocupacional. El diagnóstico pasa por reconocer la existencia de plomo en el ambiente laboral y en tomar una buena historia clínica y ocupacional. El diagnóstico diferencial considera cuadros dolorosos neurológicos y abdominales. Plomo-sanguíneo y zinc-protoporfirina son análisis cruciales y fidedignos. En expuestos, el plomo-sanguíneo suele llegar a 40 ug/100 mL,aunque en trabajadores de industrias insalubres puede alcanzar 80 ug/100 mL y la zinc-protoporfirina ...