Supplementary material from "Increased summer food supply decreases non-breeding movement in black-legged kittiwakes"
Individual condition at one stage of the annual cycle is expected to influence behaviour during subsequent stages, yet experimental evidence of food-mediated carryover effects is scarce. We used a food supplementation experiment to test the effects of food supply during the breeding season on migrat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
| Language: | unknown |
| Published: |
The Royal Society
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4782561.v1 https://rs.figshare.com/collections/Supplementary_material_from_Increased_summer_food_supply_decreases_non-breeding_movement_in_black-legged_kittiwakes_/4782561/1 |
| Summary: | Individual condition at one stage of the annual cycle is expected to influence behaviour during subsequent stages, yet experimental evidence of food-mediated carryover effects is scarce. We used a food supplementation experiment to test the effects of food supply during the breeding season on migration phenology and non-breeding behaviour. We provided an unlimited supply of fish to black-legged kittiwakes ( Rissa tridactyla ) during their breeding season on Middleton Island, Alaska, monitored reproductive phenology and breeding success, and used light-level geolocation to observe non-breeding behaviour. Among successful breeders, fed kittiwakes departed the colony earlier than unfed controls. Fed kittiwakes travelled less than controls during the breeding season, contracting their non-breeding range. Our results demonstrate that food supply during the breeding season affects non-breeding phenology, movement and distribution, providing a potential behavioural mechanism underlying observed survival costs of reproduction. |
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