Supplementary material from "Convergent molecular evolution of thermogenesis and circadian rhythm in Arctic ruminants" ...

• Main Authors: Li, Manman, Li, Xinmei, Wu, Zhipei, Zhang, Guanghui, Wang, Nini, Dou, Mingle, Liu, Shanlin, Yang, Chentao, Meng, Guanliang, Sun, Hailu, Hvilsom, Christina, Xie, Guoxiang, Li, Yang, Li, Zhuo hui, Wang, Wei, Jiang, Yu, Heller, Rasmus, Wang, Yu
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: The Royal Society 2023
• Subjects: Arctic; muskox
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22810321.v2; https://rs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Supplementary_material_from_Convergent_molecular_evolution_of_thermogenesis_and_circadian_rhythm_in_Arctic_ruminants_/22810321/2

The muskox and reindeer are the only ruminants that have evolved to survive in harsh Arctic environments. However, the genetic basis of this Arctic adaptation remains largely unclear. Here, we compared a de novo assembled muskox genome with reindeer and other ruminant genomes to identify convergent amino acid substitutions, rapidly evolving genes and positively selected genes among the two Arctic ruminants. We found these candidate genes were mainly involved in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and circadian rhythm. Furthermore, by integrating transcriptomic data from goat adipose tissues (white and brown), we demonstrated that muskox and reindeer may have evolved modulating mitochondrion, lipid metabolism and angiogenesis pathways to enhance BAT thermogenesis. In addition, results from co-immunoprecipitation experiments prove that convergent amino acid substitution of the angiogenesis-related gene hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha ( HIF2A) , resulting in weakening of its interaction with prolyl ...