Grania regina Wit, Rota & Erséus, 2009, sp. n.

• Main Authors: Wit, Pierre De, Rota, Emilia, Erséus, Christer
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2009
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Annelida; Clitellata; Enchytraeida; Enchytraeidae; Grania; Grania regina; Antarctic; Ross Sea; New Zealand; Queensland; Coates; Vasa; Heron Island; Regina; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6217969; https://zenodo.org/record/6217969

Grania regina sp. n. (Figs. 3, 4, 10 B) Holotype: AMS type coll. W. 35543, incomplete whole-mounted specimen from Heron Island, stn. H 3. Description: Body> 5.43 mm long (posteriorly amputated), 0.12 mm wide at III, 0.12 mm at clitellum. Segment number> 40. Prostomium rounded, 60 µm wide, 45 µm long; epidermis 17 µm thick dorsally, 15 µm anteriorly, 11 µm ventrally. Peristomium 87 µm wide at 1 / 2. Ventral chaetae commencing in IV, lateral chaetae commencing in XVII. Chaetae of uniform size throughout body, 40–45 µm long (n= 16); chaetal shaft thickest proximally, tapering distally, proximally bent into an oblique, rather long, narrow foot with indistinct heel and low instep; tip of foot straight, 10–15 µm long (Figs. 3 A, 10 B); chaetal index= 3.46, n= 16, sd= 0.677. Epidermal gland cells inconspicuous. Clitellum 9.5 µm thick, extending from anterior of XII to mid XIII, with transverse rows of granular gland cells interspersed with hyaline cells at a frequency of about 8: 1 (Fig. 3 B), except near male pores where hyaline cells are absent, and midventrally, where no gland cells are present. Midventral copulatory gland in XIV. Spermathecal pores lateral, located immediately behind 4 / 5. Male pores located ventrolaterally in mid XII. Brain posteriorly indented. Head organ present as round structure anterior to the brain, 19 µm in diameter, with four inclusions of 4 µm diameter each; inclusions showing a central cavity (Fig. 4). Pharyngeal glands in IV–VI; dorsal lobes present in IV–VI, ventral lobes present in V (2 pairs) and VI (2 pairs); not connected dorsally. First pair of nephridia at 7 / 8. Dorsal blood vessel commencing around XL, although difficult to discern due to damaged nature of specimen. Chloragogen cells small (5–7 µm tall). Coelomocytes slightly oval, 13 µm across at the widest point, in higher density in pre-clitellar region. Sperm sac extending posteriorly from clitellum as far back as XIX. Sperm funnels of uniform width, 18–20 µm wide, 8 times as long as wide. Heads of spermatozoa 20 µm long. Vasa deferentia unmodified, loosely coiled in XII–XV; 6 µm wide, internally ciliated. Penial apparatuses (Fig. 3 C) with uniform, slightly oval glandular structures, 30–40 µm long and wide, next to epidermal invaginations which can be as much as 40–50 µm deep; vasa deferentia opening into epidermal invaginations; β-shaped stylets present, 60–80 µm long (penial bulb type 5). Egg sac not seen. Spermathecae (Fig. 3 D) attached to oesophagus near 5 / 6; ampullae saccate, 30 µm long and 45 µm wide, ectal ducts bipartite, with outer part of uniform width, 7 µm, and inner part widening from 7 to 25 µm, with distinct circular muscular bands seen across duct; ectal part 30 µm long, ental part 25 µm long; no sperm rings seen in the ampullae, but walls conspicuously nucleated; no glands at spermathecal pores. Etymology: Named with the Latin regina , i.e. queen, for the region of Queensland where it was found. Remarks: Although based on a single incomplete specimen, this taxon appears to be a distinct species, as it is the only one found in eastern Australia that possesses a head organ. This feature is shared by species in Tasmania, South-West Australia and Antarctica, as well as some species in the Atlantic (Rota & Erséus, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003; Rota, Wang & Erséus, 2007). In contrast to many of those, however, G. re g i n a possesses long penial stylets. Other species with both a head organ and penial stylets are G. dolichura Rota & Erséus, 2000, from Tasmania and southern Australia, and G. bykane Coates 1990, G. crassiducta Coates, 1990 and G. ersei Coates 1990 from south-western Australia (see Rota, Wang & Erséus, 2007). However, the stylets of G. bykane, G. crassiducta and G. dolichura are all considerably shorter than those of G. re g i n a , whereas those of G. e r s e i are much longer. Furthermore, G. bykane and G. crassiducta have short, stout spermathecal ducts, while G. dolichura and G. ersei possess spermathecae with long, narrow ectal ducts, distally expanded or with small ectal glands, all contrasting to G. regina’ s bipartite ducts that widen entally and lack ectal glands. The clitellar cell pattern (in rows) is similar among all five species, as is the chaetal distribution; the chaetal shape is also similar, although in G. dolichura chaetae are more curved entally. Also, G. dolichura shares with G. regina a dorsal blood vessel which commences much more posteriorly than usual in Grania , which further corroborates the phylogenetic affinity between these taxa. Head organ inclusions with a central cavity have also been described in the south-western Australian G. sperantia (Rota, Wang & Erséus, 2007). Distribution and habitat: Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef; 15 m, fine sand. : Published as part of Wit, Pierre De, Rota, Emilia & Erséus, Christer, 2009, Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, including four new species and a re-description of Grania trichaeta Jamieson, 1977, pp. 16-38 in Zootaxa 2165 on pages 21-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189048 : {"references": ["Rota, E. & Erseus, C. (1996) Six new species of Grania (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Antarctic Science, 2, 169 - 183.", "Rota, E. & Erseus, C. (1997) A re-examination of Grania monochaeta (Michaelsen) (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae), with descriptions of two new species from Subantarctic South Georgia. Journal of Natural History, 31, 27 - 42.", "Rota, E. & Erseus, C. (2000) Two new and peculiar species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inhabiting Tasmanian estuaries. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 27, 245 - 254.", "Rota, E., Wang, H. & Erseus, C. (2007) The diverse Grania fauna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Esperance area, Western Australia, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Natural History, 41, 999 - 1023.", "Coates, K. A. (1990) Marine Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) of the Albany area, Western Australia. Pages 13 - 41 in F. Wells, D. Walker, H. Kirkman, and R. Lethbridge, eds. Proceedings of the Third International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Albany, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth."]}