Chelostoma (Gyrodromella) rapunculi Lepeletier 1841

• Main Author: Müller, Andreas
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2015
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Megachilidae; Chelostoma; Chelostoma rapunculi; Canada; Norway; Burrows; Andreas; Inari; Ulmer; Kuna; Käpylä; Northern Finland; Siberia
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6106214; https://zenodo.org/record/6106214

Chelostoma (Gyrodromella) rapunculi (Lepeletier, 1841) Apis fuliginosa Panzer, 1798: 16. Nomen praeoccupatum (not Apis fuliginosa Scopoli, 1770; not Apis fuliginosa Christ, 1791). Heriades rapunculi Lepeletier, 1841: 406. Type material: ♀, (France), depository of type material unknown. Heriades nigricornis Nylander, 1848: 269. Type material: Syntypes ♂♀, “in Fennia” (Finland), depository of type material unknown. Type species of Gyrodromella Michener. Synonymy in Benoist (1928). Chelostoma inerme Eversmann, 1852: 74. Type material: Syntypes ♂♀, “in promont. Uralensib., in provinciis Orenburgensi et Simbirscensi” (Russia), Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg. Synonymy in Schwarz et al. (1996). Heriades casularum Chevrier, 1872: 505. Type material: Syntypes ♀♀, “Environs de Nyon” (Switzerland), Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle Genève or Natural History Museum Basel. Synonymy with Heriades nigricornis Nylander in Schletterer (1889). Chelostoma proximum Schletterer, 1889: 643. Type material: Holotype ♂, “Transkaukasien (Kussari)” (Azerbaijan), Natural History Museum Wien. New synonymy (see Note). Osmia (Acanthosmia) archanensis Cockerell, 1928: 353. Type material: Holotype ♀, “Archan” (Russia), Natural History Museum London. Synonymy with Chelostoma fuliginosum (Panzer) in Tkalcu (1967). Osmia (Acanthosmia) platyodonta Cockerell, 1928: 352. Type material: Holotype ♂, “Irkutsk” [Russia], Natural History Museum London. Synonymy with Chelostoma fuliginosum (Panzer) in Tkalcu (1967). Heriades confusa Benoist, 1934: 158. Type material: Lectotype ♂, by designation of G. van der Zanden, “Environ d’Alger” (Algeria), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris. New synonymy (see Note). Distribution. Widespread in the Palaearctic region, from the Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria) and the Levant (Israel and Palestine, Jordan and Syria) northwards over the whole of Europe (except Norway) up to northern Finland (northernmost record south of Inari 68.44 °N, 27.36 °E), and from Turkey and the Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Georgia) eastwards to Iran, Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), China, Mongolia and Far eastern Russia. The species has been introduced into the Nearctic region and occurs in a small region encompassing northeasternmost USA and southeastern Canada (Ascher and Pickering, 2014). Pollen hosts. Oligolectic on Campanula (Campanulaceae) and possibly also on closely related genera (Fig. 3; Amiet et al ., 2004, Sedivy et al ., 2008, Westrich, 1989). In fact, the species epithet “ rapunculi ” and the vernacular name “Hériade de la raiponce” both given by Lepeletier (1841) refer to Phyteuma , suggesting that flowers of this Campanulaceae genus might occasionally be exploited by C. rapunculi in addition to Campanula . Nesting biology. Nesting sites are preexisting linear cavities such as insect burrows and drilled borings in dead wood or bark, hollow stems (e.g. reed, bamboo), drilled borings in stems or glas tubes (Benoist, 1929; Bonelli, 1967; Brechtel, 1986; Käpylä, 1978; Ruszkowski et al ., 1995; Stoeckhert, 1933; Westrich, 1989). Inside these narrow cavities, one to several brood cells are arranged in a linear series (Fig. 1). Cell partitions and nest plug are made of mud mixed with nectar and probably also saliva (Westrich, 1989). Small pebbles, sand grains and other particles are embedded in the outer surface of the nest plug (Fig. 2). Note. The shape of male tergum 7 was hitherto assumed to be the only reliable character for the discrimination of the widespread C. rapunculi from C. confusum and C. proximum , which have been described based on specimens collected in northern Africa and the Caucasus, respectively. The examination of a large number of specimens of C. rapunculi , however, revealed a considerable intraspecific variability in the shape of tergum 7 on the one hand and gradual transitions in the shape of tergum 7 between these taxa on the other hand. Specifically, i) the lower median tooth of tergum 7 gradually gets narrower and shorter towards northern Africa and the Levant resulting in the relatively small lower tooth considered typical for C. confusum , and ii) the upper lateral teeth gradually get wider and increasingly fuse with each other and with the lower median tooth towards eastern Turkey and the Caucasus resulting in the straight transverse apical margin of tergum 7 considered typical for C. proximum . Due to this clinal variation, which eliminates the morphological gaps previously assumed to exist between the three taxa, and the absence of any other clear characters separating C. rapunculi , C. confusum and C. proximum in either sexes, these three taxa are considered here to be conspecific, representing a single widespread and morphologically variable species. : Published as part of Müller, Andreas, 2015, Palaearctic Chelostoma bees of the subgenus Gyrodromella (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species, pp. 408-420 in Zootaxa 3936 (3) on pages 411-414, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3936.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/238286 : {"references": ["Lepeletier, A. (1841) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Hymenopteres. Vol. 2. Roret, Paris, 680 pp.", "Panzer, G. W. F. (1798) Faunae Insectorum Germanicae Initia oder Deutschlands Insecten. Hymenoptera 2, Vol. 6. Felssecker, Nurnberg, 24 pp.", "Nylander, W. (1848) Adnotationes in expositionem monographicam apum borealium. Notiser ur Sallskapets pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Forhandlingar, 1, 165 - 282.", "Benoist, R. (1928) Notes diverses sur les hymenopteres melliferes. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1928, 107 - 109.", "Eversmann, E. (1852) Fauna hymenopterologica volgo-uralensis. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 25, 1 - 137.", "Schwarz, M., Gusenleitner, F., Westrich, P. & Dathe, H. H. (1996) Katalog der Bienen Osterreichs, Deutschlands und der Schweiz (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 8 (Supplement), 1 - 398.", "Chevrier, F. (1872) Hymenopteres divers du bassin du Leman. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 3, 487 - 510.", "Schletterer, A. (1889) Monographie der Bienen-Gattungen Chelostoma Latr. und Heriades Spin. Zoologisches Jahrbuch fur Systematik, 4, 591 - 691.", "Cockerell, T. D. A. (1928) Bees collected in Siberia in 1927. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (London), Series 10, 1, 345 - 361.", "Tkalcu, B. (1967) Bemerkungen zur Taxonomie einiger palaarktischer Arten der Familie Megachilidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca (Praha), 64, 91 - 104.", "Benoist, R. (1934) Descriptions d'especes nouvelles palearctiques d'hymenopteres melliferes. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 39, 158 - 160.", "Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2014) Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 28 May 2014)", "Amiet, F., Herrmann, M., Muller, A. & Neumeyer, R. (2004) Apidae 4: Anthidium, Chelostoma, Coelioxys, Dioxys, Heriades, Lithurgus, Megachile, Osmia, Stelis. Fauna Helvetica, 9, 1 - 274.", "Sedivy, C., Praz, C. J., Muller, A., Widmer, A. & Dorn, S. (2008) Patterns of host-plant choice in bees of the genus Chelostoma: the constraint hypothesis of host-range evolution in bees. Evolution, 62, 2487 - 2507. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.2008.00465. x", "Westrich, P. (1989) Die Wildbienen Baden-Wurttembergs. Ulmer, Stuttgart, 972 pp.", "Benoist, R. (1929) Les Heriades de la faune francaise (Hym. Apidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 98, 131 - 141.", "Bonelli, B. (1967) Osservazioni biologiche sugli imenotteri melliferi e predatori della Val di Fiemme. XVIII contributo. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali, B, 44, 14 - 29.", "Brechtel, F. (1986) Die Stechimmenfauna des Bienwaldes und seiner Randbereiche (Sudpfalz) unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Okologie kunstnestbewohnender Arten. Pollichia-Buch, 9, 1 - 282.", "Kapyla, M. (1978) Bionomics of five wood-nesting solitary species of bees (Hym., Megachilidae), with emphasis on flower relationships. Biological Research Reports from the University of Jyvaskyla, 5, 1 - 8.", "Ruszkowski, A., Gosek, J. & Kuna, K. (1995) Selection of nesting sites by some species of Heriades Spin. and of Chelostoma Latr. and the structure of their nests. Pszczelnicze Zeszyty Naukowe, 39, 245 - 253."]}