Quinqueloculina baccaerti Mamo, 2016, n. sp.

• Main Author: Mamo, Briony L.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2016
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Chromista; Foraminifera; Tubothalamea; Miliolida; Hauerinidae; Quinqueloculina; Quinqueloculina baccaerti; Sandwich Islands; Pacific; Queensland; Lizard Island; Bonaparte; Bertrand; Hatta; Murray Island; Green Island
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6067735; https://zenodo.org/record/6067735

Quinqueloculina baccaerti n. sp. (Fig. 8:3, 4) 1987 Quinqueloculina montyi Baccaert 1987, p. 104, pl. 48. 2001 Quinqueloculina bicarinata d’Orbigny; Lobegeier, p. 291, pl. 7, figs 10–16 2009 Quinqueloculina sp. 1, Parker, p. 288, figs 208a–m, 209a–i. Diagnosis. This species is defined by its combination of a broad, uncompressed test with inflated chambers and rounded peripheries, their roughened test wall texture and weak, longitundinal striate ornament. Description (after Baccaert 1987; Parker 2009): Test slightly longer than wide, with quinqueloculine chamber arrangement. Test wall porcelaneous with a roughened texture. Rounded aboral end produced. Oral end slightly produced and rounded. Faint longitundal striae give slightly carinate appearance to rounded margins. Distinct sutures depressed. Aperture flush against oral end of final chamber, low arch to circular in outline with a moderately thick, everted lip. Dentition consists of a stout, low, bifurcate tooth. Remarks. This species was originally reported in an unpublished thesis by Baccaert (1987) from Lizard Island, GBR as Quinqueloculina montyi Baccaert 1987. Whilst the name Q. montyi is used in publication (Baccaert 1986), it is only listed, no holotype is designated and no description or illustration is supplied. Therefore, the name is not available. The taxon is similar to specimens described by Parker (2009) from Ningaloo Reef as Quinqueloculina sp. 1. This species is characterised by a roughened test wall texture, weak striate ornament, inflated chambers with rounded peripheries and an arched to circular aperture with a bifurcate tooth (Fig. 8:3, 4). These features suggest a close association with Q . latidentella , Q . subgranulata and Quinqueloculina sp. 2. Quinqueloculina baccaerti differs from Q . latidentella by its broader, uncompressed test and coarser test walls with a striate ornament. Quinqueloculina latidentella has a peristomal rim and a stouter and thicker tooth than Q. baccaerti . Quinqueloculina subgranulata has more inflated chambers with a rougher test wall texture, lacks striae and has a thicker peristomal lip and tooth compared to Q. baccaerti . Quinqueloculina sp. 2 has a similarly rough test wall and striate ornament as Q. baccaerti , but differs by its stouter test with a proportionately larger aperture and Tshaped bifid dentition. Baccaert’s (1987) specimens were collected from Lizard Island, GBR and Parker (2009) synonymised these with Lobegeier’s (2001) Quinqueloculina bicarinata from Green Island. The specimens described by Parker (2009) from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia bear subtle differences in morphology. The CG specimens lack the carinate peripheries that some of Parker’s (2009, figs 208a–c; j–l, 209a–c, 210h–j) specimens have that give such tests an inflated, ‘knife-edge’ appearance. The CG specimens always possess a weakly expressed ornament of longitudinal striate. However, striae are absent in some of the morphologies illustrated by Parker (2009) that leave the porcelaneous walls relatively smooth, as is the roughened texture that is a distinct attribute of this species. Derivation of name. Named after Jan Baccaert, the original founder of this species. Material. Holotype—QM#G465818 (Fig. 8:3, 4); Paratypes—QM#G466092, QM#G466093, from 7 m water depth at sites 36 (Holotype) and 39 (Paratypes), One Tree Lagoon 1, Capricorn Group, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, Holocene. Distribution within study area. Quinqueloculina baccaerti is the fourth most abundant quinqueloculine species collected from the CG where it is a distinct component of lagoonal assemblages with as many as fifty-eight specimens found per site. The site of highest abundance is site 34 in One Tree Lagoon 1. This taxon was entirely absent from Sykes Reef and only one specimen was collected on Heron Reef flat and two specimens from the channel sample. Quinqueloculina bosciana d’Orbigny 1839 Fig. 8:5–7) 1839 Quinqueloculina bosciana d’Orbigny, p. 191, pl. 11, figs 22–24. 1938 Quinqueloculina bosciana d’Orbigny; Howchin, p. 292, pl. 15, fig. 15. 2009 Quinqueloculina bosciana d’Orbigny; Parker, p. 185, fig. 132a–h. 2012 Quinqueloculina bosciana d’Orbigny; Debenay, p. 120, pl. 6. Description. See Parker (2009, p. 185, fig. 132a–h). Remarks. Quinqueloculina bosciana d’Orbigny 1839 is characterised by an elongately oblong and compressed test that has rounded chamber margins, a circular terminal aperture atop a broad, slightly produced neck and a simple tooth that thickens at the tip. The sutures are slightly depressed and can be oblique to test orientation (Fig. 8:5, 7). The type specimens illustrated by d’Orbigny (1839, pl. 11, figs 22–24) have distinctly depressed sutures and the neck and terminal aperture is located to the side of the upper test margin. The more recent lectotype assigned by Le Calvez (1977) shares these features except that, like the CG specimens, the final chamber brings the neck and aperture over the upper margin slightly so that it is more centrally located (Fig. 8:5–7). Specimens collected by Howchin (1938, pl. 15, fig. 15) are similar to d’Orbigny’s specimens with a terminal aperture that is angled to face outward from the side of the test. This is somewhat different to specimens described by Parker (2009) and Debenay (2012) and collected in the CG as part of this investigation, which have shallower sutures and the more central aperture. The type locality for this species is Cuba, Saint-Thomas and Jamaica (d'Orbigny 1839; Le Calvez 1977). Howchin (1939) recovered Upper Pliocene specimens from the Adilaidean Formation, Adelaide, Parker’s (2009) specimens were collected from Ningaloo Reef, Australia and Debenay’s (2012) from coastal areas, bays and shrimp ponds down to 10 m from New Caledonia. Distribution within study area. Quinqueloculina bosciana is amongst the more abundant Quinqueloculina species collected from the CG. Sites of greatest abundance include 1, 2 and 7 from Wistari Lagoon and it was collected only once from Sykes Reef and a single live specimen was collected from site 52 in One Tree Lagoon 2. This taxon was collected in comparatively low numbers across the Heron Reef flat and it was absent from the channel sample. Despite rareity of this species, it appears to prefer water depths below tidal influence. Quinqueloculina latidentella Loeblich & Tappan 1994 (Fig. 8:8, 9) 1994 Quinqueloculina latidentella Loeblich & Tappan, p. 49, pl. 80, figs 10–12. 2009 Quinqueloculina latidentella Loeblich & Tappan; Parker, p. 217, figs 154a–f, 155a–g. 2012 Quinqueloculina latidentella Loeblich & Tappan; Debenay, p. 123, pl. 6. Description. See Loeblich & Tappan (1994, p. 49, pl. 80, figs 10–12) and Parker (2009, p. 217, figs 154a–f, 155a– g). Remarks. This species is characterised by its roughly textured, non-agglutinated walls, rounded peripheries, thick, flaring peristomal lip, broad tooth and quinqueloculine chamber arrangement with depressed sutures. Chamber width and length are approximately equal and the roughened walls can contain creases or indents that are likely to have been caused by a foreign particle that has inhibited chamber growth or marked the chamber wall (Fig. 8:8). The aperture is terminal and flush with the oral end of the test. The thick, solid tooth varies in bifid definition sometimes bearing only a thickened tip, as in most CG specimens, or is so developed that the T-shaped branches connect to the apertural margin (Loeblich & Tappan 1994, pl. 80, fig. 12). This latter form was not observed in the CG specimens. Loeblich & Tappan’s (1994, pl. 80, figs 10–12) original illustrations of this species do not provide a close-up of the distinct branching bifid tooth and since only one specimen is illustrated and the aperture appears to be partially blocked with carbonate debris (as observed in the CG specimens) it is possible that this material is linking the tooth to the peristomal lip. Neither Debenay (2012, p. 123) from New Caledonia nor Parker (2009, figs 153, 154) from Ningaloo Reef, observed any specimens with a bifid dentition that reached aperture margins. Instead, like the CG specimens, Parker (2009) and Debenay’s (2012) specimens either had a stout tooth with a flaring, thickened lip or a produced Y-shaped tooth. Apart from this difference in dentition, the specimens from the Timor Sea (Loeblich & Tappan 1994), Ningaloo Reef (Parker 2009) and New Caledonia (Debenay 2012) vary only slightly in additional characteristics including development of a peristomal lip and in the aperture shape. The specimen illustrated by Loeblich & Tappan (1994, pl. 80 figs 10–12) only has a moderately thick lip, Debenay’s (2012) specimens show variation in lip thickness, whereas the CG and Ningaloo specimens (Parker 2009) have moderate to very thick peristomal lips. Quinqueloculina latidentella can be discriminated from other Quinqueloculina species by its inflated, rounded chambers, roughened test wall, broadly circular aperture and distinct peristomal lip. Two similar species are Quinqueloculina subgranulata (Cushman 1918) and Quinqueloculina sp. 2. The test wall of Q . subgranulata tends to be more inflated and rounded and much rougher in texture than Q . latidentella . Quinquelocuina sp. 2 has weak longitudinal striae, a roughened test wall texture and the rounded aperture is proportionately much larger and bifid dentition more T-shaped than Y-shaped. Quinqueloculina latidentella was originally collected from the Bonaparte Depression, central Timor Sea by Loeblich & Tappan (1994) from a depth of 120 m. Parker’s (2009) specimens were retrieved from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia and Debenay’s (2012) from the northern shelf of New Caledonia from a depth of 200 m. Distribution within study area. Quinqueloculina latidentella was not found in great abundance from the CG. Only collected from the One Tree Lagoons, this is one of the least abundant Quinqueloculina species, with no more than nine specimens collected from one site. Site 38 in One Tree Lagoon 1 had the greatest abundance of Q . latidentella . Quinqueloculina neostriatula Thalmann 1950 (Fig. 8:10–21) 1932 Quinqueloculina striatula Cushman, p. 27, pl. 7, figs 3, 4. 1950 Quinqueloculina neostriatula Thalmann, p. 45. 1992b Quinqueloculina neostriatula Thalmann; Hatta & Ujiié, p. 68, pl. 8, fig. 2a, b. 1997 Quinqueloculina neostriatula Thalmann; Haig, p. 272, fig. 4:1. 2008 Quinqueloculina neostriatula Thalmann; Strotz, p. 140, fig. 4k. 2012 Quinqueloculina neostriatula Thalmann; Debenay, p. 124, pl. 7. Description. See Cushman (1932, p. 27, pl. 7, figs 3, 4) and Debenay (2012, p. 124, pl. 7). Remarks. Specimens assigned to Quinqueloculina neostriatula Thalmann 1950 have a quinqueloculine chamber arrangement, an oval test outline that is slightly longer than broad, distinct sutures that are slightly depressed, walls with carinate ornament and numerous, fine, incised, slightly oblique lines that vary in depth from shallow to significant grooves (Fig. 8:10–21). It is distinguished from other Quinqueloculina species by its finely to deeply incised carinate ornament and broad aperture with a lip and large tooth. It differs from other carinate ornament bearing quinqueloculine species in the size and shape of the apertural dentition and the intensity and fineness of costae. This species, originally erected by Cushman (1932) as Quinqueloculina striatula Cushman 1932, was later reassigned to Quinqueloculina neostriatula by Thalmann (1950). Cushman’s (1932) original description of Q . striatula stated that this species had subacute peripheries giving it a triangular cross section, but the specimens published by Debenay (2012) vary between angular and well-rounded peripheries whilst those collected from the CG and published by Hatta & Ujiié (1992b) and Strotz (2008), all have well-rounded peripheral margins. In addition to this, Cushman (1932, pl. 7, figs 3, 4) described the dentition as a large, flat tooth that nearly filled the entire aperture, yet provided illustrations showing no dentition at all. Similarly found by Debenay (2012), specimens collected from the CG show variable morphology including the depth and thickness of costae and width of dentition. Juvenile specimens (Fig. 8:10–13) tend towards a more restricted aperture and a narrow base to the bifurcate tooth. Adult specimens that have been broken (Fig. 8:14, 15) show earlier chambers possess these features while the outermost chambers of unbroken specimens (Fig. 8:16–21) display a broadened aperture and, like specimens published by Hatta & Ujiié (1992b), Haig (1997) and Debenay (2012), have a large, strongly contorted, often flattened, slightly bifid tooth (Fig. 8:12, 14). This species has a mostly western Pacific distribution (Fiji Islands—Cushman 1932 and Strotz 2008; Ryukyu Island Arc—Hatta & Ujiié 1992b; Exmouth Gulf—Haig 1997; New Caledonia southwestern lagoon down to 35 m—Debenay 2012). Distribution within study area. Quinqueloculina neostriatula accounted for over 3% of all foraminifera collected from the CG and is the second most abundant taxon collected after Q . bosciana from the CG with an average number of 17 specimens per site. Greatest abundance was found at sites 40 and 42 from Heron Lagoon and site 18 in One Tree Lagoon 3. Specimen numbers were distinctly low with only 1– 2 specimens per site along Transect 2 on Heron Reef between the inner and outer reef flats. Sykes Reef was the only location where this species was not found. Quinqueloculina parkeri (Brady 1881) (Fig. 9:1–4) 1881 Miliolina parkeri Brady, p. 46. 1884 Miliolina parkeri Brady, pl. 7, fig. 14. 1924 Quinqueloculina parkeri (Brady); Cushman, p. 59, pl. 22, fig. 3. 1958 Massilina corrugata Collins, p. 362, pl. 2, figs 11, 12. 1960 Quinqueloculina parkeri (Brady); Barker, p. 14, pl. 7, fig. 14. 1968 Quinqueloculina parkeri (Brady); Matsunaga, p. 132, pl. 28, fig. 7. 1978 Quinqueloculina parkeri (Brady); Cheng & Zheng, p. 176, pl. 5, figs 11–13. 1988 Quinqueloculina corrugata Collins; Haig, p. 233, pl. 5, figs 15–17. 1988 Quinqueloculina parkeri (Brady); Haig, p. 234, pl. 6, figs 32, 33. 1992b Quinqueloculina parkeri (Brady); Hatta & Ujiié, p. 68, pl. 8, fig. 4. 1994 Lachlanella parkeri (Brady); Loeblich & Tappan, p. 47, pl. 74, figs 1–6. 2002 Lachlanella parkeri (Brady); Bicchi et al ., p. 279, fig. 4: 9. 2009 Quinqueloculina parkeri (Brady); Parker, p. 233, figs 167a–g, 168a–j. 2012 Quinqueloculina parkeri (Brady); Debenay, p. 124, pl. 7. Description. See Brady (1881, p. 46) with Brady (1884, pl. 7, fig. 14), Cushman (1924, p. 59, pl. 22, fig. 3) and Parker (2009, p. 233, figs 167a–g, 168a–j). Remarks. Specimens assigned to this species have a robust test with quinqueloculine chamber arrangement and roughened wall texture with distinct horizontal ribbing. The Lachlanella - type aperture bears a thin tooth with a thickened tip and is enhanced by a thin lip that is slightly produced (Fig. 9:1, 3). This species can be differentiated from other quinqueloculine species by its distinct horizontal ribbing. Quinqueloculina parkeri (Brady 1881) most closely resembles Quinqueloculina subparkeri McCulloch 1977, but has a more elongate test with a slender, arch-shaped aperture and long, thin tooth with a thickened tip. In contrast Q . subparkeri has a somewhat stouter and broader test with a small circular aperture that has a short, thick tooth. Some specimens of Q . subparkeri from the CG have a rounded, more truncated periphery whereas others have a distinctly acute periphery. This variation was discussed and illustrated by Parker (2009, p. 233, figs 167, 168) who considered this variation in specimens collected from Ningaloo Reef to be intraspecific in nature. In contrast, Collins (1958) and Haig (1988), separated the extreme variants into different species. Collins (1958) erected the new species Massilina corrugata Collins 1958 for his specimens from Low Isles/GBR that had a more truncate, rounded periphery. In contrast, Haig (1988) assigned the more truncate, rounded specimens to Q . parkeri , but referred the more acute tests to Quinqueloculina corrugata (Collins 1958). However, these relatively small differences are not considered taxonomically significant and M . corrugata is here considered a junior subjective synonym of Q . parkeri . Quinqueloculina parkeri is found particularly within shallow depths, channel, mangroves and reef flat sediments (Cushman 1924; Collins 1958; Haig 1988; Bicchi et al. 2002). The type specimens described by Brady (1884) were collected from a depth of 73 m off the Honolulu reefs and Sandwich Islands and has since been reported globally (Samoa from 24–46 m off Aua Reef, Tutuila, Tahiti, Seychelles, Java, the Red Sea, Funafuti, Ceylon, Kerimba Archipelago, Malay, Laysan, Gaspar Straits, Guam, Murray Island, West Indes—Cushman 1924; GBR—Collins 1958; northern Japan—Matsunaga 1963; Xisha Islands—Cheng & Zheng 1978; Papuan Lagoon— Haig 1988; Ryukyu Island Arc—Hatta & Ujiié 1992b; Sahul Rise from 31 m—Loeblich & Tappan 1994; Tuamoto Archipelago, French Polynesia with other milioline species favouring shallow peripheral waters of lagoons— Bicchi et al. 2009; Ningaloo Reef—Parker 2009; New Caledonia between 5–25 m—Debenay 2012). Distribution within study area. Quinqueloculina parkeri is present in all reefs in the CG area except Sykes, but only occurs in low abundance (one to nine specimens per sample). The greatest abundances are found in reef flat samples from Heron Reef, lending some support to the shallow water preference of this species. Quinqueloculina sp. cf. Q . parkeri (Brady 1881) (Fig. 9:5, 6) Description. See Collins (1958, p. 362, pl. 2, figs 11, 12). Remarks. This species is only tentatively assigned to Q . parkeri due to a lack of specimens and the fact that the aperture is damaged in all specimens precluding confident identification. Nevertheless, this species has the distinctive corrugated ornament and roughened test wall characteristic of the species. The original specimens illustrated by Collins (1958, pl. 2, figs 11, 12) fro : Published as part of Mamo, Briony L., 2016, Benthic Foraminifera from the Capricorn Group, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, pp. 1-123 in Zootaxa 4215 (1) on pages 35-41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4215.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/272923 : {"references": ["Baccaert, J. (1987) Distribution patterns and taxonomy of benthic foraminifera in the Lizard Island Reef complex, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. PhD Thesis, C. A. P. S. Laboratorie Biosedimentologie, Liege, 800 pp.", "Parker, J. H. (2009) Taxonomy of Foraminifera from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, Canberra, 810 pp.", "Baccaert, J. (1986) Foraminiferal Bio- and Thanatocoenoses of reef flats, Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Nature of Substrate. Annales de la Societe Royale Zoologique de Belgique, 116, 3 - 14.", "d'Orbigny, A. (1839) Foraminiferes. In: Sagra, R. d. l. 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