Elachista

• Main Authors: Kaila, Lauri, Sruoga, Virginijus
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2014
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Elachistidae; Elachista; Heikkilä; Lauri; Fennoscandia
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119936; https://zenodo.org/record/5119936

Synapomorphies of Elachista The characters listed here are in part illustrated in Figs 1–12; others are depicted in Traugott-Olsen & Nielsen (1977), Kaila (1999) and Kaila & Sugisima (2011). The valval process is formed as a sclerotised hook. This is a nearly universal character in Elachista and is secondarily reduced in only a few species; it is present in the E. puplesisi group. The distal part of the valva, i.e. the area beyond the valval process, is strongly enlarged; this is characteristic of all Elachista species except E. sinevi (Sruoga 1992, in Sruoga & Puplesis 1992); it is present in E. puplesisi group. The median plate of the juxta is shaped as a concave plate with folded margins (64:3 character state in Kaila & Sugisima 2011); it is universal in Elachista , including E. puplesisi group. This character is further modified in several lineages of Elachista . A tongue-shaped, distally setose digitate process is present between the juxta and valva; this may be homologous with a similar structure in several gelechioid lineages but is absent in other elachistine genera (Traugott-Olsen & Nielsen 1977; Nielsen & Traugott-Olsen 1978; Kaila 1999, 2004, 2009; De Prins & Sruoga 2012; Heikkilä et al. 2014); it is sometimes secondarily lost in Elachista , and is absent also in E. puplesisi group. The exposed pupa of many Elachista species is supported by a silken girdle attached to the surface and surrounding the pupa between abdominal segments 4 and 5, with some exceptions (Kaila 2011); the immature stages of the constituent species of the E. puplesisi group are unknown. : Published as part of Kaila, Lauri & Sruoga, Virginijus, 2014, Definition of the Elachista puplesisi Sruoga complex (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea, Elachistidae), with description of a new species, pp. 583-589 in Zootaxa 3821 (5) on page 584, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920230 : {"references": ["Traugott-Olsen, E. & Nielsen, E. S. (1977) The Elachistidae (Lepidoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 6. Klampenborg, Denmark, 299 pp.", "Kaila, L. (1999) Phylogeny and classification of the Elachistidae s. s. (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). Systematic Entomology, 24, 139 - 169. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.1999.00069. x", "Kaila, L. & Sugisima, K. (2011) 1. Phylogeny, subfamily definition and generic classification. In: Kaila, L. (Ed.), Elachistine moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Elachistidae). Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera. Vol 11. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 7 - 22.", "Sruoga, V. A. & Puplesis, R. K. (1992) New species of gramineal Elachistid moths (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae) from Middle Asia and Kazakhstan. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 71 (2), 428 - 441.", "Nielsen, E. S. & Traugott-Olsen, E. (1978) A reassessment of the genus Stephensia Stainton, 1858 (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae). Entomologist's Gazette, 32, 245 - 250.", "Kaila, L. (2004) Phylogeny of the superfamily Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia): and exemplar approach. Cladistics, 20, 303 - 340. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2004.00027. x", "Kaila, L. (2009) Notes on the genus Perittia of the West Palaearctic region with descriptions of three new species (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae). Zootaxa, 2230, 16 - 28.", "De Prins, J. & Sruoga, V. (2012) A review of the taxonomic history and biodiversity of the genus Urodeta (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae), with description of new species. Zootaxa, 3488, 41 - 62.", "Heikkila, M., Mutanen, M., Kekkonen, M. & Kaila, L. (2014) Morphology reinforces proposed molecular pyhlogenetic affinities: a revised classification for Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera). Cladistics. [e-publication ahead of print] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12064"]}