Spinatrypa mariaetheresiae Halamski 2013, n. sp.

• Main Author: Halamski, Adam T.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2013
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Brachiopoda; Rhynchonellata; Atrypida; Atrypidae; Spinatrypa; Spinatrypa mariaetheresiae; Arctic; Canada; Bali; Fenton; Brice; Laird; Moose River; Struve; Long Rapids; Williams Island; Moose
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4818243; https://zenodo.org/record/4818243

Spinatrypa mariaetheresiae n. sp. (Figs 7; 8) Spinatrypa aspera – Gunia 1966: 310, 311. Spinatrypa bifidaeformis – Gunia 1968: 166, pl. 7: 18, 19. TYPE MATERIAL. — Articulated shell MB.B. 2424.2, holotype. 13 paratypes: MB.B.2414-2415; MGUWr 5360s ( Spinatrypa bifidaeformis sensu Gunia, 1966; Witoszów, outcrop 15), 5361s ( Spinatrypa aspera sensu Gunia, 1968; Witoszów, outcrop 15), 5364s.1- 4, 5365s. ETYMOLOGY. — In honour of Mary Theresa Olivia Fürstin von Pless, Reichsgräfin von Hochberg, Freifrau zu Fürstenstein (1873-1943), called Daisy, a former owner of the type outcrop, organiser of humanitarian aid during both World Wars. TYPE HORIZON. — Pogorzała Formation, Late Frasnian. TYPE LOCALITY. — Abandoned quarry “Lake Daisy”, Mokrzeszów (Oberkunzendorf), Świebodzice Depression, Sudetes, Poland. STRATIGRAPHIC AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE. — Świebodzice Depression, Mokrzeszów and Witoszów, Frasnian (most probably in both cases Late Frasnian). DIAGNOSIS. — Spinatrypa with high, pronounced tongue, sixteen to twenty ribs, stout teeth and large dental cavities. DESCRIPTION Shell usually slightly wider than long(W/L from 0.95 to 1.16; mean value 1.06, N=8), subcircular in outline,nearly aequibiconvex to markedly dorsibiconvex, up to 24.0 mm wide (mean value 17.4 mm), rather thick in older specimens. Maximal width and thickness slightly posteriorly to midlength. Apical angle about 120-130°. Anterior commissure uniplicate, its deflexion rounded (more seldom subtrapezoidal) in outline, very high; occupying ⅔ of the shell width. Ventral beak (preserved only in young specimens) acute, nearly straight. Ventral interarea orthocline. Ribs spinose strong, rounded, 3-4 per 5 mm at anterior commissure, new ones appearing by bifurcation. Growth lamellae (seldom preserved) strong, 3-4 per 5 mm in central part of the shell; traces of spine insertion at intersection of growth lamellae with ribs. Interior (Fig. 8). Ventral valve: dental cavities very large; teeth strong and massive. Dorsal valve damaged in apical region in the sectioned specimen; sockets strong, crura ventrally directed. DISCUSSION This species is included within Spinatrypa on account of its coarse costation and large dental cavities. Its high, pronounced tongue is more or less constant in adult specimens (Fig. 7N, S, X, CC). The great majority of Frasnian representatives of the genus Spinatrypa possess much less pronounced tongue. This is the case of S. bunkeri Day & Copper, 1998, S. planosulcata (Webster, 1888), S. rockfordensis (Fenton & Fenton, 1924), S. thompsoni Day & Copper, 1998, and S. trulla (Stainbrook, 1945) from western North America (Day & Copper 1998), S. ningxiangensis Zhao in Yang et al. 1977 (see Ma 1992), S. subkwangsiensis (Tien, 1938) both from China (Ma et al. 2006), S. longispina (Rigaux, 1872) from Boulonnais (northern France; see Godefroid 1988), S. plicata (Rzhonsnitskaya,1964) from Russia (Rzhonsnitskaya et al. 1998), S. montanensis (Kindle, 1908) from Montana (Laird 1947), S. tribulosa Norris, 1992 from Arctic Canada (Norris et al. 1992). This may be said also about approximately coeval Spinatrypa ex gr. bifidaeformis (Tschernyschew, 1887) and Spinatrypa ex gr. semilukiana Lyashenko, 1959 from the Holy Cross Mts. (Racki & Baliński 1998), and slightly older Spinatrypa semilukiana Ljaschenko, 1959 from the Dębnik Anticline (Baliński 1979, 2006). Spinatrypa hystrix (Hall, 1858) from New York and S. obsolescens (Cooper & Dutro, 1982) from New Mexico have very low, obsolescent costae (Cooper 1944; Cooper & Dutro 1982). Two Frasnian taxa from New Mexico, Spinatrypa compacta Cooper & Dutro, 1982 and S. trulla decorticata Cooper & Dutro, 1982 may possess a large tongue. The former differs from the Sudetes material in its straight shoulder line and the latter is usually wider (Cooper & Dutro 1982). Spinatrypa lambermontensis Mottequin, 2003 from the Late Frasnian of the Vesdre nappe and the Dinant Synclinorium (southern Belgium; see also Mottequin 2008: 501; erroneously reported from the Pragian by Hubert et al. 2007: 260) is quite similar to the form described here in overall shape, yet its ornamentation is slightly finer (usually over 20 ribs in total; 16-20 in the coarse-ribbed variant of our species). Moreover, S. mariaetheresiae possesses large dental cavities, whereas only small dental nuclei are present in S. lambermontensis (Mottequin 2003: fig. 4). Spinatrypa rossica Rzhonsnitskaya in Rzhonsnitskaya, Markovskii, Yudina & Sokiran, 1998 from the Late Frasnian of SW Urals may also possess a strong tongue but the ornamentation is very coarse (total number of ribs 10-14; Rzhonsnitskaya et al. 1998). Serial sections of this species have unfortunately not been provided. In view of the comparison with all available Frasnian taxa of the genus Spinatrypa presented above the material from the Frasnian of the Sudetes is best described as a new species. It may be noted that the two nearest species, namely S. lambermontensis Mottequin, 2003 and S. rossica Rzhonsnitskaya, 1998 are both also Late Frasnian in age. The Givetian species Isospinatrypa givetica Rzhonsnitskaya, 1968 from the Kuznetsk basin (Rzhonsnitskaya 1975: pl. 24, figs 7, 8) may possess a similar tongue but is always aequibiconvex. The material from Mokrzeszów contain two forms with similar ornamentation pattern but different ornamentation density. The commoner form has coarser costae and costellae (Fig. 7 A-Y), whereas the rarer form possesses finer radial ornamentation (Fig. 7 Z-DD). In view of nearly identical shape (in particular, the characteristic tongue) they have been interpreted as two morphotypes of a single species. A similar dimorphism has been reported in Spinatrypina soetenica (Struve, 1964) (Eifel Mts, Lower Givetian; Copper 1967) and Spinatrypina ( Exatrypa ) relicta Racki & Baliński, 1998 (Łgawa Hill, Holy Cross Mts, Late Frasnian; Racki & Baliński 1998: 284). Both Spinatrypa aspera sensu Gunia, 1966 and S. bifidaeformis sensu Gunia, 1968 correspond to Spinatrypa sp. described here. However, the sample of Spinatrypa tubaecostata sensu Gunia, 1966 [non Spinatrypina tubaecostata (Paeckelmann, 1913)] is a mixture of fragmentarily preserved atrypids (probably all three species described here), indeterminable in large part. : Published as part of Halamski, Adam T., 2013, Frasnian Atrypida (Brachiopoda) from Silesia (Poland) and the age of the eo-Variscan collision in the Sudetes, pp. 289-308 in Geodiversitas 35 (2) on pages 300-302, DOI: 10.5252/g2013n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/4538035 : {"references": ["GUNIA T. 1966. - Fauna and age of limestone pebbles from the Culm of Ksiaz. Geologia Sudetica 2: 297 - 322.", "GUNIA T. 1968. - On the fauna, stratigraphy and conditions of sedimentation of the upper Devonian in the Swiebodzice depression (Middle Sudetes). Geologia Sudetica 4: 115 - 220.", "DAY J. & COPPER P. 1998. - Revision of latest Givetian- Frasnian Atrypida (Brachiopoda) from central North America. Acta Paleontologica Polonica 43: 155 - 204.", "STAINBROOK M. A. 1945. - Brachiopoda of the Independence Shale of Iowa. Geological Society of America, Memoir 14: 1 - 74.", "MA X. 1992. - Latest Frasnian Atrypida (Brachiopoda) from South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 43: 345 - 360.", "MA X., BECKER R. T., HUA L. & YUAN- YUAN S. 2006. - Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51: 789 - 812.", "GODEFROID J. 1988. - Brachiopodes Atrypida du Devonien de Ferques (Boulonnais - France), in BRICE D. (ed.) Le Devonien de Ferques, Bas-Boulonnais (N. France). Paleontologie - sedimentologie - stratigraphie - tectonique. Biostratigraphie du PaleozoIque 7: 403 - 434.", "RZHONSNITSKAYA M. A. 1964. - O devonskix atripidax Kuzneckogo bassejna. [On Devonian atrypides of the Kuznetsk Basin.] Trudy vsesouznogo naucnoissledovatel'skogo geologiceskogo Instituta (VSEGEI) 93: 91 - 112.", "RZHONSNITSKAYA M. A., MARKOVSKII B. P., YUDINA Y. A. & SOKIRAN E. V. 1998. - Late Frasnian Atrypida (Brachiopoda) from the South Urals, South Timan and Kuznetsk Basin (Russia). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 43: 305 - 344.", "LAIRD W. M. 1947. - An Upper Devonian brachiopod fauna from northwestern Montana. Journal of Paleontology 21: 453 - 459.", "NORRIS A. W., UYENO T. T., SARTENAER P. & TELFORD P. G. 1992. - Brachiopod and conodont faunas from the uppermost Williams Island Formation and Lower Long Rapids Formation (Middle and Upper Devonian), Moose River Basin, Northern Ontario. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 434: 1 - 99.", "RACKI G. & BALINSKI A. 1998. - Late Frasnian Atrypida (Brachiopoda) from Poland and the Frasnian-Famennian biotic crisis. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 43: 273 - 304.", "LJASCHENKO (LAsENKO) A. I. (1959). - [Atlas of Brachiopods and Stratigraphy of Devonian Strata of the Central Regions of the Russian Platform] Atlas braxiopod i stratigrafia devonskix otlozenij central'nyx oblastej russkoj Platformy. Gostoltexizdat, Moskva, 451 p., 87 pls.", "BALINSKI A. 1979. - Brachiopods and conodonts from the Frasnian of the Debnik anticline, southern Poland. Palaeontologia Polonica 39: 1 - 95.", "BALINSKI A. 2006. - Brachiopods and their response to the Early-Middle Frasnian biogeochemical perturbations on the South Polish carbonate shelf. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51: 647 - 678.", "COOPER G. A. & DUTRO J. T. Jr. 1982. - Devonian Brachiopods of New Mexico. Bulletins of American Paleontology 82 - 83: 1 - 215.", "COOPER G. A. 1944. - Phylum Brachiopoda, in SHIMER H. W. & SHROCK R. R. (eds), Index fossils of North America. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., 837 p.", "MOTTEQUIN B. 2003. - Two new atrypid brachiopod species from the Late Frasnian of Belgium. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre 73: 69 - 82.", "MOTTEQUIN B. 2008. - Late Middle to Late Frasnian Atrypida, Pentamerida, and Terebratulida (Brachiopoda) from the Namur-Dinant Basin (Belgium). Geobios 41: 493 - 513.", "HUBERT B. L. M., ZAPALSKI M. K., NICOLLIN J. - P., MISTIAEN B. & BRICE D. 2007. - Selected benthic faunas from the Devonian of Ardennes: an estimation of palaeobiodiversity. Acta Geologica Polonica 57: 223 - 262.", "RZHONSNITSKAYA M. A. 1975. - Biostratigrafia devona okrain Kuzneckogo bassejna. Tom 2: Opisanie braxiopod. Cast' 1: Pentamerida i Atrypida. [Biostratigraphy of the Devonian of the margin of the Kuznetsk Basin. Volume 2: Description of brachiopods. Part 1: Pentamerida and Atrypida.] Trudy geologiceskogo Instituta 244: 1 - 232.", "COPPER P. 1967. - Spinatrypa and Spinatrypina (Devonian Brachiopoda). Palaeontology 10: 489 - 523."]}