Scoloplos texana Maciolek & Holland 1978

• Main Author: Zhadan, Anna
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2020
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Annelida; Polychaeta; Orbiniidae; Scoloplos; Scoloplos texana; Southern Ocean; Pacific; Queensland; Tristan; Solís; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4414131; https://zenodo.org/record/4414131

Scoloplos texana Maciolek & Holland, 1978 Figure 7 Scoloplos texana Maciolek & Holland, 1978: 162–163, fig. 1–4. Scoloplos (Scoloplos) texana : Granados-Barba & Solís-Weiss 1997: 468. Leodamas texana : Blake 2017: 50, 55, 59. Material examined. Australia : Queensland: Hinchinbrook channel sand flat, 14.10.1989, 18°20’S, 146°04’E, coll. S. Dittmann, AM W.43439, 1 specimen. USA: Texas , Corpus Christy Bay, 27°48’38”N, 97°20’17”W, August 1974, Sta.122-6, 4.8 m, USNM 52729, holotype; Texas, Redfish Bay, 27°52’20”N, 97°07’03”W, Sta. 152-2, USNM 52734, paratypes, 5 specimens. Type locality. USA: Corpus Christy Bay, Texas, Gulf of Mexico. Description. Specimen AM W.43439 incomplete, thoracic width 2.2 mm. Thorax inflated in anterior part, slightly flattened in middle and posterior part (Fig. 7A). Prostomium conical with blunt tip (Fig. 7A, C). Thoracic chaetigers numbering 20, transition to abdomen sharp (Fig. 7A, C). Branchiae starting from chaetiger 21 (first abdominal), cylindrical with blunt tips, longer than notopodia (Fig. 7 B–D, F). Thoracic notopodial postchaetal lobes developed from first chaetiger as rounded papillae, rapidly increasing in size along thorax, becoming oval with elongated tips; in abdomen foliaceous, shorter than branchiae (Fig. 7C, D, F, G). Thoracic neuropodial postchaetal lobes weakly developed, as low ridges without papillae (Fig. 7A, B, E). In abdomen, parapodia elongate, unilobed, almost rectangular with rounded tips (Fig. 7B, D, F). No subpodal, stomach, flange papillae, subpodal flange, or interramal cirrus present. Notopodial chaetae crenulate capillaries, in abdominal notopodia; forked chaetae present (Fig. 7G). Thoracic neurochaetae forming one row of few dark straight smooth non-hooded spines and bundle of 2–3 thin capillaries in upper part; abdominal neurochaetae thin capillaries (Fig. 7A, B, E, F). Both rami supported by aciculae in abdomen; notopodial aciculae much thicker than neuropodial, with long pointed projecting tips (Fig. 7F, G). Distribution . West Atlantic (Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Venezuela); Australia (?). Habitat. Subtidal, clay, mud, muddy sand. Remarks. Scoloplos texana was originally described from South Texas (Gulf of Mexico, USA) (Maciolek & Holland, 1978). Later, it was redescribed from oil platform areas in the Gulf of Mexico (Granados-Barba & Solís- Weiss 1997). Scoloplos texana differs from a closely related species, Scoloplos treadwelli Eisig, 1914, by having neuropodial spines arranged in one row, while in S. treadwelli they are more numerous and arranged in two rows in the anterior thorax. Other differing characters are the inflated thorax and blunt prostomium in S. texana versus the flattened thorax and pointed prostomium in S. treadwelli. In addition, the branchiae always start from the abdomen in S. texana but can start from the thorax or anterior abdomen in S. treadwelli (the presence of branchiae in the thorax was not found in the following studies: Granados-Barba & Solís -Weiss (1997) and Dean & Blake (2015)). Scoloplos texana was previously known only from tropical West Atlantic waters (Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Venezuela). The specimen found in Australia is similar to the type material specimens. This study is the first record of this species in Australian waters. This was likely an accidental introduction, since only the one specimen was found. It is not clear how it could have been imported into Queensland from West Atlantic. Orbiniids are rarely listed as invasive species; such examples are Proscoloplos cygnochaetus Day, 1954 (see below for details) and Naineris setosa (Verrill, 1900), described from Bermuda and later reported in the Mediterranean Sea (Blake & Giangrande 2011; Khedhri et al. 2014). : Published as part of Zhadan, Anna, 2020, Review of Orbiniidae (Annelida, Sedentaria) from Australia, pp. 451-502 in Zootaxa 4860 (4) on page 464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4860.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4414137 : {"references": ["Maciolek, N. J. & Holland, J. S. (1978) Scoloplos texana: a new orbiniid polychaete from south Texas, with notes on the related species Scoloplos treadwelli Eisig. Contributions in Marine Science, 21, 163 - 169.", "Granados-Barba, A. & Solis-Weiss, V. (1997) The polychaetous annelids from oil platforms areas in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico: Phyllodocidae, Glyceridae, Goniadidae, Hesionidae, and Pilargidae, with description of Ophioglycera lyra, a new species, and comments on Goniada distorta. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 110, 457 - 470.", "Blake, J. A. (2017) Polychaeta Orbiniidae from Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, the Abyssal Pacific Ocean, and off South America. Zootaxa, 4218 (1), 1 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4218.1.1", "Dean, H. K. & Blake, J. A. (2015) The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of Pacific Costa Rica. Zootaxa, 3956 (2), 183 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3956.2.2", "Day, J. H. (1954) The Polychaeta of Tristan da Cunha. Results of the Norwegian Scientific Expedition to Tristan da Cunha, 1937 - 1938, 29, 1 - 35.", "Verrill, A. E. (1900) Additions to the Turbellaria, Nemertina, and Annelida of the Bermudas, with revisions of some New England genera and species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10, 595 - 671. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7035", "Blake, J. A. & Giangrande, A. (2011) Naineris setosa (Verrill) (Polychaeta, Orbiniidae), an American subtropical-tropical polychaete collected from an aquaculture facility in Brindisi (Adriatic Sea, Italy): A possible alien species. Italian Journal of Zoology, 78, 20 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2011.577982", "Khedhri, I., Lavesque, N., Bonifacio, P., Djabou, H. & Afli, A. (2014) First record of Naineris setosa (Verrill, 1900) (Annelida: Polychaeta: Orbiniidae) in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Bioinvasions records, 3, 83 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / bir. 2014.3.2.05"]}