THE RAW DOG FOOD – ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

In recent years, raw foods have become increasingly popular in the world, for the dog's owners. Contradictory data on this type of diet have been reported in the literature. Some authors note that the use of raw foods has a beneficial effect on the health of the dog, while others point to the f...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Neshovska, Hristina
Format: Text
Language:English
Published: Zenodo 2020
Subjects:
dog
Online Access:https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4317768
https://zenodo.org/record/4317768
Description
Summary:In recent years, raw foods have become increasingly popular in the world, for the dog's owners. Contradictory data on this type of diet have been reported in the literature. Some authors note that the use of raw foods has a beneficial effect on the health of the dog, while others point to the food safety and health risks of both the dog and the owner. The purpose of the current survey is to analyze current data on the advantages and disadvantages of raw foods, known as “Bones and Raw Food” or “Biologically Appropriate Raw Food” (BARF)/„Raw meat-based diets” (RMBDs). : {"references": ["AAFCO Association of American Feed Control Officials. The Business of Pet Food. Available online: http://petfood.aafco.org/caloriecontent.aspx.", "Aquino, S., and Correa B. (2011). Aflatoxins in Pet Foods: A Risk to Special Consumers. Aflatoxins \u2013 Detection, Measurement and Control. DOI: 10.5772/25171.", "Asano, T. Yuasa, K., Kunugita, T., Teraji, T., Mitsuoka, T. (1994). Effects of gluconic acid on human faecal bacteria. Microb Ecol Health Dis.; 7.5:247\u00b1256. https://doi.org/10.3109/ 08910609409141362", "AVMA. (2012). Frequently asked questions about raw pet foods and the AVMA's policy. American Veterinary Medical Association. Available from: https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/ FAQs/Pages/Raw\u2013Pet\u2013Foods\u2013and\u2013the\u2013AVMA\u2013Policy\u2013 FAQ.aspx", "Baldwin, K., Bartges, J., Buffington, T., Freeman, L.M., Grabow, M., Legred, J., Ostwald, D. (2010). Jr. AAHA nutritional assessment guidelines for dogs and cats. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 46, 285\u2013296.", "Beaton, L. (2013). Human food trends and the petfood industry. Petfood Ind. Available from:http://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/3921\u2013human\u2013food\u2013trends\u2013and\u2013the\u2013petfoodindus-try?v=preview", "Billinghurst, I. (1993). Give your dog a bone. ISBN 0646160281", "Bj\u00f6rck, I., Noguchi, A., Asp, N.G., Cheftel, J.C. and Dahlqvist, A. (1983). Protein nutritional value of a biscuit processed by extrusion cooking: effects on available lysine. J. Agric. Food Chem. 31:488\u2013492. doi:10.1021/jf00117a006.", "Boermans, J.H. and Leung, M.C.K. (2007). Mycotoxins and the pet food industry: Toxicological evidence and risk assessment. International Journal of Food Microbiology 119 95\u2013102, doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.063", "Bond, J.C., and Lindburg, D. G. (1990). Carcass feeding of captive cheetahs: the effects of a natu-ralistic feeding program on oral health and psychological well-being. Applied Animal Behaviour Science; Vol. 26, p. 373\u2013382.", "Clutton\u2013Brock, G., Hagen\u2013Plantinga, E.A., and Hendriks, W. H. (2015). Dietary nutrient profiles of wildwolves: insights for optimal dog nutrition? Br. J. Nutr. 113: S40\u2013S54. doi:10.1 017/S0007114514002311", "Brera C., Catano, C., de Santis, B., Debegnach, F., de Giacomo, M., Pannunzi, E., Miraglia, M. (2006). Effect of industrial processing on the distribution of aflatoxins and zearalenone in corn\u2013milling fractions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 5014\u20135019; DOI: 10.1021/jf060370s.", "Carter, M. E., and Quinn, P. J. (2000). Salmonella infections in dogs and cats. In: C. Wray and A. Wray, editors. CABI Pub., Wallingford, UK. p. 231\u2013244", "Clutton\u2013Brock, J. (1998). Origins of the dog: domestication and early history. In: J. Serpell, editor. The domestic dog: its evolution, behaviour and interactions with people. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. p. 7\u201320.", "COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 142/2011 of 25 February 2011 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down health rules as regards animal by\u2013products and derived products not intended for human consumption and imple-menting Council Directive 97/78/EC as regards certain samples and items exempt from veterinary checks at the border under that Directive.", "Crissey, S. D., Swanson, J. A., Lintzenich, B. A., Brewer, B. A., and Slifka, K. A. (1997). Use of a raw meat\u2013based diet or a dry kibble diet for sand cats (Felis margarita). J. Anim. Sci. 75:2154\u2013 2160.", "Cummings, K. J., Warnick, L. D., Elton, M., Gr\u00f6hn, Y. T., McDonough, P. L., and Siler, J. D. (2010). The effect of clinical outbreaks of salmonellosis on the prevalence of fecal Salmonella shedding among dairy cattle in New York. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 7:815\u2013823.doi:10.1089/fpd.2009.0481.", "Davies, R. H., Lawes, J. R., and Waves, A. D. (2019). Raw diets for dogs and cats: a review, with particular reference to microbiological hazards. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 60, 329\u2013339; DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13000.", "Dierenfeld, E.S, Heather, L.A., Jacobsen, K.L. (2002). Nutrient composition of whole vertebrate prey (excluding fish) fed in zoos. Published by: US Dept. of Agriculture.", "Dillitzer, N., Becker, N., and Kienzle, E. (2011). Intake of minerals, trace elements and vitamins in bone and raw food rations in adult dogs. Br. J. Nutr. 106 (Suppl. 1): S53\u201356. doi:10.1017/S0007114511002765", "De\u2013Oliveira, L.D., Carciofi, A.C., Oliveira, M.C., et al. (2008). Effects of six carbohydrate sources on diet digestibility and postprandial glucose and insulin response in cats. J Anim Sci; 86:2237\u2013 2246.", "Fan, Z., Silva, P., Gronau, I., Wang, S., Armero, A.S., Schweizer, M., Ramirez, O., Polinger, J., Galaverni, M., and Ortega Del\u2013Vecchyo, D., Du, L., Zhang, W., Zhang, Z., Xing, J., Vil\u00e1, C., Marques\u2013 Bonet, T., Godinho, R., Yue, B., and Wayne, R.K. (2015). Worldwide patterns of genomic variation and admixture in gray wolves. Genome Res. 26:1\u201311. doi:10.1101/gr.197517.115FDA. 2011.", "FEDIAF (2018) http://www.fediaf.org/self\u2013regulation/legislation.html.", "Fredriksson\u2013Ahomaa, T., Heikkil\u00e4, N., Pernu et al. (2017). Raw Meat\u2013Based Diets in Dogs and Cats. Vet. Sci. 2017, 4, 33; doi:10.3390/vetsci4030033", "Freeman, L. M. and Michel, K. E. (2001). Evaluation of raw food diets for dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 218, 705\u2013709.", "Freeman, L. M., Chandler, M. L., Hamper, B. A., et al. (2013). Current knowledge about the risks and benefits of raw meat based diets for dogs and cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 243, 1549\u20131558 doi:10.2460/javma.243.11.1549.", "Gruenberg, W. (2015). Overview of salmonellosis. Merck Veterinary Manual. Available from: http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/digestive_system/salmonellosis/overview_of_salmonello-sis.html.", "Hamper, B. A., Kirk, C. A. and Bartges, J. W. (2015). Apparent nutrient digestibility of two raw diets in domestic kittens. J. Feline Med. Surg. 1\u20136. doi:10.1177/1098612X15605535.", "Hendricks, W. H., Emmens, M. M. A., Trass, B., and Pluske, J. R. (1999). Heat processing changes the protein quality of canned cat foods as measured with a rat bioassay. J. Anim. Sci. 77:669\u2013676. doi:10.2527/1999.773669x.", "Iske, C. J., Morris, C. L., and Kappen, K. L. (2016). Influence of pork and pork by\u2013products on macronutrient and energy digestibility and palatability in large exotic felids. J. Anim. Sci. 94:3738\u20133745. doi:10.2527/jas2016\u20130414.", "Jenkins, M., Brooks, J., Bowman, D., and Liotta, J. (2016). Pathogens and potential risks related to livestock or poultry manure. Cooperative Extension. Available from: http://articles.exten-sion.org/pages/8967/pathogens\u2013and\u2013potential\u2013risks\u2013related\u2013tolivestock\u2013 or\u2013poultry\u2013manure.", "Joffe, D. J., and Schlesinger, D. P. (2002). Preliminary assessment of the risk of Salmonella infection in dogs fed raw chicken diets. Can. Vet. J. 43:441\u2013442.", "Kawaguchi, K., Braga, I., Takahashi, A., Ochiaia, K., and Itakura, C. (1993). Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism occurring in a strain of German shepherd puppies. Jpn. J. Vet. Res. 41:89\u201396.", "Kendall, P. T., Holme, D. W. and Smith, P. M. (1982). Comparative evaluation of net digestive and absorptive efficiency in dogs and cats fed a variety of contrasting diet types. J. Small Anim.Pract. 23:557\u2013587. doi:10.1111/j.1748\u20135827.1982.tb02518.x.", "Kerr, K. R., Beloshapka, A. N., Morris, C. L., Parsons, C. M., Burke, S. L., Utterback, P. L. and Swanson, K. S. (2013). Evaluation of four raw meat diets using domestic cats, captive exotic felids, and cecectomized roosters. J. Anim. Sci. 91:225\u2013237. doi:10.2527/jas2011\u20134835.", "Kerr, K. R., Vester Boler, B. M., Morris, C. L., Liu, K. J., and Swanson, K. S. (2012). Apparent total tract energy and macronutrient digestibility and fecal fermentative end\u2013product concentrations of domestic cats fed extruded, raw beef\u2013based, and cooked beef\u2013based diets. J. Anim. Sci. 90:515\u2013522. doi:10.2527/jas.2010\u20133266.", "Knight \u0410. and Leitsberger \u041c., (2016). Vegetarian versus Meat\u2013Based Diets for Companion Ani-mals. Animals, 6(9), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani6090057", "Law on Veterinary Activity (amended, SG No. 13 of February 14, 2020).", "LeJeune, J. T., and Hancock, D. D. (2001). Public health concerns associated with feeding raw meat diets to dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 219:1222\u20131225. doi:10.2460/javma.2001.219.1222", "Lenz, J., Joffe, D., Kauffman, M., Zhang, Y., and LeJeune. J. (2009). Perceptions, practices, and consequences associated with foodborne pathogens and the feeding of raw meat to dogs. Can. Vet. J. 50:637\u2013643", "McNamara, J. P. (2006). Introduction: nutritional terms and definitions. In: J. P. McNamara, editor. Principles of Companion Animal Nutrition. 1st ed. Pearson/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA. p. 1\u201317.", "Michel, K. E. (2006). Unconventional diets for dogs and cats. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 36:1269\u20131281. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2006.08.003.", "Meyer, H., Zentek, J., Habernoll, H., et al. (1999). Digestibility and compatibility of mixed diets and faecal consistency in different breeds of dog. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A; 46:155\u2013165.", "Morley, P. S., Strohmeyer, R. A., Tankson, J. D., Hyatt, D. R., Dargatz, D. A., and Fedorka\u2013cray, P. J. (2006). Evaluation of the association between feeding raw meat and Salmonella enteric infec-tions at a Greyhound breeding facility. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 228:1524\u20131532. doi:10.2460/javma.228.10.1524", "Moss, M.O. (1996). Mycotoxic fungi. In: Eley, A.R. (Ed.), Microbial Food Poisoning, 2nd ed. Chap-man & Hall, New York, NYpp. 75\u201393.", "Niza, M. M., Vilela, R. E., C. L., and Ferreria, L. M. A. (2003). Feline pansteatitis revisited: hazards of unbalanced home\u2013made diets. J. Feline Med. Surg. 5:271\u2013277. doi:10.1016/S1098\u2013612X(03)00051\u20132.", "NRC. (2006). Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC, USA", "Peterson, R. O., and Ciucci, P. (2003). The wolf as a carnivore. In: L. D. Mech and L. Boitani, editors. Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, USA. p. 104\u2013130.", "Pitcairn R. and Pitcairn. S. (1995). Dr. Pitcairn's Complete Guide to Natural Health for Dogs & Cats \u2013 book. 2-end edition ISBN 0\u2013 87596\u2013243\u20132.", "Pitcairn R. and Pitcairn. S. (2005). Dr. Pitcairn's Complete Guide to Natural Health for Dogs & Cats \u2013 book. ISBN 10\u2013 57954\u2013973\u2013X", "Plantiga, E.A, Bosch, G., and Hendriks, W.H. (2011). Estimation of the dietary nutrient profile of free\u2013roaming feral cats: possible implications for nutrition of domestic cats. British Journal of Nu-trition; vol. 106, p. 35\u201348.", "Polizopoulou, Z., Kazakos, G., Patsikas, M., and Roubies, N. (2005). Hypervitaminosis A in the cat: a case report and review of the literature. J. Feline Med Surg. 7:363\u2013368. doi:10.1016/j.jfms.05.004", "Ramachandran, S., Fontanille, P., Pandey, A., Larroche, C. (2006). Gluconic acid: Properties, ap-plications and microbial production. Food Technol. Biotechnol.; 44.2; ISSN 1330\u20139862.", "REGULATION (EC) No 183/2005 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUN-CILof 12 January 2005 laying down requirements for feed hygiene.", "REGULATION (EC) No 767/2009 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUN-CILof 13 July 2009on the placing on the market and use of feed, amending European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 and repealing Council Directive 79/373/EEC, Commis-sion Directive 80/511/EEC, Council Directives 82/471/EEC, 83/228/EEC, 93/74/EEC, 93/113/EC and 96/25/EC and Commission Decision 2004/217/EC.", "REGULATION (EC) No 1069/2009 OFTHE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ANDOFTHE COUN-CILof 21 October 2009laying down health rules as regards animal by\u2013products and derived products not intended for human consumption and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 (Animal by\u2013products Regulation).", "Sanchez, S., Hofacre, C. L., Lee, M. D., Maurer, J. J., and Doyle, M. P. (2002). Animal sources of salmonellosis in humans. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 221:492\u2013497. doi:10.2460/javma.2002.221.492.", "Schmidt, M., Unterer, S., Suchodolski, J.S., Honneffer, J.B., Guard, B.C., Lidbury, J.A., et al. (2018). The fecal microbiome and metabolome differs between dogs fed Bones and Raw Food (BARF) diets and dogs fed commercial diets. PLoS ONE 13(8): e0201279. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201279", "Striver, S. L., Frazier, K. S., Mauel, M. J., and Styer, A.L. (2003). Septicemic salmonellosis in two cats fed a raw\u2013meat diet. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 39:538\u2013542. doi:10.5326/0390538", "Swanson, K.S., Fahey, G.C. (2006). Jr. Prebiotic impacts on companion animals. In: Gibson GR, Rastall RA, editors. Prebiotics: Development and Application. John Wiley and Sons. Chinchester, UK; 213\u2013236.", "Taylor, M. B., Geiger, D. A., Saker, K.E., and Larson, M.M. (2009). Diffuse osteopenia and mye-lopathy in a puppy fed a diet composed of an organic premix and raw ground beef. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 234:1041\u201310\u201348. doi:10.2460/javma.234.8.1041.", "Towell, T.L. (2008). Alternative & raw food diets: what do we know? Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Volume 22. Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 147\u2013150.", "Tsukahara, T., Koyama, H., Okada, M., Ushida, K. (2002). Stimulation of butyrate production by gluconic acid in batch culture of pig cecal digesta and identification of butyrate\u2013producing bacteria. J Nutr.;132.8:2229\u00b12234.", "Vester, B. M., Beloshapka, A. N., Middelbos, I. S., Burke, S. L., Dikeman, C. L., Simmons, L.G., and Swanson, K. S. (2010a). Evaluation of nutrient digestibility and fecal characteristics of exotic felids fed horse\u2013 or beef\u2013based diets: use of the domestic cat as a model for exotic felids. Zoo Biol. 29:432\u2013448. doi:10.1002/zoo.20275.", "Vester, B. M., Burke, S. L., Dikeman, C.L., Simmons, L.G. and Swanson, K. S. (2008). Nutrient digestibility and fecal characteristics are different among captive exotic felids fed a beefbased raw diet. Zoo Biol. 27:126\u2013136. doi:10.1002/zoo.20172", "Vester, B. M., Burke, S. L., Liu, K. J., Dikeman, C.L., Simmons, L. G., and Swanson, K. S. (2010b). Influence of feeding raw or extruded feline diets on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of African wildcats (Felis lybica). Zoo Biol. 29:676\u2013686. doi:10.1002/zoo.20305.", "Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (2005). Canis lupus familiaris. In: D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, editors. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Johns Hop-kins, Baltimore, MD, USA. p. 2142.", "Zeugswetter, F. K., Vogelsinger, K., and Handl, S. (2013). Hyperthyroidism in dogs caused by con-sumption of thyroid\u2013containing heat meat. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheikd. 155:149\u2013152. doi:10.1024/0036\u20137281/a000432"]}