Early stages of aphid evolution (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

• Main Authors: Żyła, Dagmara, Wegierek, Piotr
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: Zenodo 2020
• Subjects: fossils, morphology, Aphidomorpha, taxonomy, systematics; Polska; Sola; Azar; Gomez; Unwin; Heie; Filatova; Kotova; Orlovskaya; Fennoscandia; Taimyr
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4159531; https://zenodo.org/record/4159531

Aphids are one of the oldest insect groups with the first unquestionable fossil representative from the Middle Triassic. The first stages of their evolution are, however, not well documented because of the scarcity of the fossil record and its preservation. We present here the material from three important, yet understudied fossil insect deposits, which allowed us to describe new taxa and make redescriptions of existing ones. Overall, we describe one new superfamily Jurocallidoidea superfam. nov., two new families Asiaticaphididae fam. nov. and Jurocallidae fam. nov., three subfamilies Khotontaphidinae subfam. nov., Shcherbakovinae subfam. nov., and Mongolaphidinae subfam. nov., 20 new genera and 27 new species. Based on the new data, we discuss the evolutionary trends and biological adaptations in aphids. New species are as follows: Abruptovenaphis multimembrosa gen. et sp. nov., Abruptovenaphis tuberosa gen. et sp. nov., Affinidinaphis sola gen. et sp. nov., Altisiphum decorum gen. et sp. nov., Breviantennaphis ultima gen. et sp. nov., Creberinaphis aliantennae gen. et sp. nov., Creberinaphis gravis gen. et sp. nov., Dimediaphis magnatergalata gen. et sp. nov., Multinotaphis lata gen. et sp. nov., Ponomarenkoaphis deceptrix gen. et sp. nov., Shcherbakovia elongata gen. et sp. nov., Shcherbakovia scleritifera gen. et sp. nov., Bellaphis specialis gen. et sp. nov., Claraphis graciliantennata gen. et sp. nov., Asiaticaphis longabdominalis gen. et sp. nov., Popovaphis numerosa gen. et sp. nov., Crassoaphis plana gen. et sp. nov., Indivisaphis arcuata gen. et sp. nov., Indivisaphis parvula gen. et sp. nov., Mongolaphis minuta gen. et sp. nov., Mongolaphis magna gen. et sp. nov., Mongolaphis lateralis gen. et sp. nov., Mongolaphis kononovae gen. et sp. nov., Adepaphis longistigma gen. et sp. nov., Echinaphis multisetosa gen. et sp. nov., Gryllaphis unica gen. et sp. nov., and Hutelharaphis longitarsis gen. et sp. nov. : {"references": ["Ansorge J. 1996. The Upper Liassic insects of Grimmen (Pomerania, north Germany). Neue Palaeontologische Abhandlungen, 2: 1\u2013132.", "Bro\u017cek J., Mr\u00f3z E., Wyl\u0119\u017cek D., Depa \u0141., W\u0119gierek P. 2015. The structure of extremely long mouthparts in the aphid genus Stomaphis Walker (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae). Zoomorphology, 134(3): 431\u2013445.", "Chumakov N.M. 1985. Glacial events of the past and their geological significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 51: 319\u2013346.", "Chumakov N.M. 2004. Climatic zones and climate of the Cretaceous period. In: Semikhatov M.A., Chumakov N.M. (Eds). Climate in the epochs of major biospheric transformations. Nauka, Moscow, 105\u2013123.", "Coiffard C., Gomez B., Daviero-Gomez V., Dilcher D.L. 2012. Rise to dominance of angiosperm pioneers in European Cretaceous environments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109: 20955e20959.", "Dilcher D. 2000. Toward a new synthesis: major evolutionary trends in angiosperm fossil record. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97, 7030\u201336.", "Doludenko M.P., Orlovskaya E.R. 1976a. Jurassic floras of the Karatau Range, southern Kazakhstan. Palaeontology, 19: 627\u2013640.", "Doludenko M.P., Orlovskaya E.R. 1976b. Jurassic Flora of Karatau. Nauka, Moscow [in Russian].", "Doludenko M.P., Sakulina G.V., Ponomarenko A.G. 1990. Geological structure of a region showing a unique locality of the Late Jurassic Aulie fauna and flora (Karatau, South Kazakhstan). Geological Institute, USSR, Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 35 pp. [in Russian]", "Dzik J., Sulej T., Nied\u017awiedzki G. 2010. Possible link connecting reptilian scales with avian feathers from the early Late Jurassic of Kazakstan. Historical Biology, 22(4): 394\u2013402.", "Eskov K.Yu. 2002. Geographical History Of Insects. In: Rasnitsyn A.P., Quicke D.L. (Eds). History Of Insects. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 427\u2013437.", "Grimaldi D., Engel M.S. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: 755 pp.", "Heie O.E. 1980. The Aphidoidea (Hemiptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. I. The families Mindaridae, Hormaphididae, Thelaxidae, Anoeciidae and Pemphigidae. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, Klampenborg, 9: 1\u2013236.", "Heie O.E. 1981. Morphology and phylogeny of some Mesozoic aphids (Insecta, Hemiptera). Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 15: 401\u2013415.", "Heie O.E. 1982. The Aphidoidea (Hemiptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. II. The family Drepanosiphidae. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, Klampenborg, 11: 169.", "Heie O.E. 1987. Paleontology and phylogeny. In: Minks A.K., Harrewijn P. (Eds), Aphids. Their biology, natural enemies and control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 367\u2013391.", "Heie O.E. 1994. Why are there so few aphid species in the temperate areas of the southern hemisphere? European Journal of Entomology, 91: 127\u2013133", "Heie O.E., Pike E.M. 1992. New aphids in Cretaceous amber from Alberta (Insecta, Homoptera). Canadian Entomologist, 124: 1027\u20131053.", "Heie O.E., Azar D. 2000. Two new species of aphids found in Lebanese amber and a revision of the family Tajmyraphididae Kononova, 1975 (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93(6): 1222\u20131225.", "Heie O.E., Wegierek P. 2009a. A classification of the Aphidomorpha (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) under consideration of the fossil taxa. Redia, 92: 69\u201377.", "Heie O.E., Wegierek P. 2009b. Diagnoses of the higher taxa of Aphidomorpha (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha). Redia, 92: 261\u2013269.", "Heie O.E., Wegierek P. 2011. A list of fossil aphids (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphidomorpha). Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom, Poland, 82 pp.", "Homan A., Wegierek P. 2011. A new family of aphids (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) from the Lower Cretaceous of Baissa, Transbaikalia. ZooKeys, 130: 167\u2013174.", "Hong Y.C., Wang W.L. 1990. Fossil insects from the Laiyang Basin, Shandong Province. In: Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Eds). Geological Publishing House, 44\u2013189.", "Huang D.Y., Nel A. 2008. A new Middle Jurassic aphid family (Insecta: Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Sinojuraphididae fam. nov.) from inner Mongolia, China. Palaeontology, 51: 715\u2013719.", "Huang D., Wegierek P., \u017by\u0142a D., Nel A. 2015. The oldest aphid of the family Oviparosiphidae (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) from the Middle Jurassic of China. European Journal of Entomology, 112(1): 187\u2013192.", "Kania I., Wegierek P. 2008. Palaeoaphididae (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) from Lower Cretaceous Baissa deposits. Morphology and classification. Wydawnictwa Instytutu Systematyki i Ewolucji Zwierz\u0105t Polskiej Akademia Nauk, Krak\u00f3w, 135 pp.", "Khramov A.V., Lukashevich E.D. 2019. A Jurassic dipteran pollinator with an extremely long proboscis. Gondwana Research, 71, 210\u2013215.", "Kononova E.L. 1975. A new family of aphids (Homoptera, Aphidinea) from Upper Cretaceous of Taimyr. Revue d'Entomologie 1'USSR, 54: 795\u2013897 [in Russian]", "Kotov A.A., Korovchinsky N.M. 2006. First record of fossil Mesozoic Ctenopoda (Crustacea, Cladocera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 146: 269\u201327", "Krassilov V.A. 1982. Early Cretaceous flora of Mongolia. Palaeontographica B, 181: 1\u201343.", "Liu Y., Liu Y., Yang Z. 2006. U-Pb zircon age for the Daohugou Biota at Ningcheng of Inner Mongolia and comments on related issues. Chinese Science Bulletin, 51(21): 2634\u20132644.", "Lukashevich E.D. 2008. Larvae \u2013 a key to evolution of Culicoidea (Diptera) in the Mesozoic. Alavesia, 2: 59\u201372.", "Lukashevich E.D., Przhiboro A.A. 2015. A new tribe of Diamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia. Cretaceous Research, 52: 562\u2013569.", "Lukashevich E.D., Przhiboro A.A. 2018. A new genus of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia. Paleontological Journal, 52(12), 1401\u20131407.", "Meyen S.V. 1987. Fundamentals of palaeobotany. Chapman and Hall, New York. xxi + 432 pp.", "Mizerski W., Or\u0142owski S. 2001. Geologia historyczna dla geograf\u00f3w. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa, 253 pp. [in Polish]", "Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1 E., Hyp\u0161a V., Klein J., Foottit R.G., von Dohlen C. D., Moran N.A. 2013. Reconstructing the phylogeny of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) using DNA of the obligate symbiont Buchnera aphidicola. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 68(1): 42\u201354.", "Palaeoentomology in Russia. 2020. http://palaeoentomolog.ru/Collections/mong_loc.html", "Panfilov D.V. 1968. Ecological and landscape characteristic of the Jurassic insect fauna from Karatau. In: Rohdendorf B.B. (Ed.). Jurassic insects of Karatau. Publishing House \"Nauka\", Moscow, 7\u201322 [in Russian].", "Perkovsky E., Wegierek P. 2018. Aphid\u2013Buchnera\u2013Ant symbiosis; or why are aphids rare in the tropics and very rare further south? Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 107(2\u20133): 297\u2013310.", "Poinar G., Brown A.E. 2005. New Aphidoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) in Burmese amber. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 107(4): 835\u2013845.", "Ponomarenko A.G., Sukacheva I.D., Bashkuev A.S. 2005. Peculiarities of the fauna of the Upper Jurassic Karatau locality (Kazakhstan). Materials of the first All-Russian Meeting \"Jurassic System of Russia: problems of stratigraphy and paleogeography\". Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.", "Quednau W.F. 1999. Atlas of the Drepanosiphine aphids of the world. Part II: Panaphidini Oestlund, 1922 - Myzocallidina B\u00f6rner, 1942 (1930) (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Calaphidinae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, The American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, 281 pp.", "Quednau W.F. 2003. Atlas of the Drepanosiphine aphids of the world. Part II: Panaphidini Oestlund, 1923 - Panaphidina, Oestlund, 1923 (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Calaphidinae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, The American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, 301 pp.", "Rasnitsyn A.P. 2002. Special Features of the Study of Fossil Insects. In: Rasnitsyn A.P., Quicke D.L.J. (Eds), History of insects. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 8\u201312.", "Rasnitsyn A.P., Zhang H. 2004. Composition and age of the Daohugou hymenopteran (Insecta, Hymenoptera= Vespida) assemblage from Inner Mongolia, China. Palaeontology, 47(6): 1507\u20131517.", "Rasnitsyn A.P. Zherikhin V.V. 2002. Appendix: Alphabetic List Of Selected Insect Fossil Sites. In: Rasnitsyn A.P., Quicke D.L. (Eds). History of insects. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 437\u2013446.", "Richards W.R. 1966. Systematics of fossil aphids from Canadian amber (Homoptera, Aphididae). Canadian Entomologist, 98: 746\u2013760.", "Shaposhnikov G.Ch. 1979a. Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous aphids. Paleontological Journal, 1979(4): 66\u201378.", "Shaposhnikov G.Ch. 1979b. Oligomerization, polymerization and organization of morphological structures in the evolution of aphids (Homoptera, Aphidinea). Entomological Obozrenie, 58(4): 716\u2013741 [in Russian].", "Shaposhnikov G.Ch. 1980. Evolution of morphological structures in aphids (Homoptera, Aphidinea) and habits of recent and Mesozoic representatives of the group. Entomological Obozrenie, 59(1): 39\u201359 [in Russian].", "Shaposhnikov G.Ch. 1985. The main features of the evolution of aphids. In: Szel\u0119giewicz H. (Ed.), Evolution and biosystematics of aphids. Proceedings of the International Aphidological Symposium at Jablonna, 5\u201311 April 1981. Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Zoologii, Ossolineum, Wroc\u0142aw, 19\u201399.", "Shaposhnikov G.Ch., Wegierek P. 1989. New aphids of the late Mesosoic (Oviparosiphidae, Homoptera). Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 3: 42\u201350 [in Russian", "Shuvalov V.F. 2000. The Cretaceous stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography of Mongolia. The age of dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, 256\u2013278.", "Sinichenkova N.D., Zherikhin V.V. 1996. Mesozoic lacustrine biota: extinction and persistence of communities. Paleontological Journal, 30(6): 710\u2013715.", "Skrzycka R. 2014. Revision of two relic actinopterygians from the Middle or Upper Jurassic Karabastau Formation, Karatau Range, Kazakhstan. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 38(3): 364\u2013390.", "Stanley S.M. 2002. Historia Ziemi. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa, 705 pp. [in Polish]", "Szel\u0119giewicz H. 1978. Aphids (Aphidoidea, Lachnidae). The Keys To Determination Of Polish Insects. PWN, Warszawa, 18(5a), 107 pp.", "Szwedo J., Lapeyrie J., Nel A. 2015. Rooting down the aphid's tree\u2013the oldest record of the Aphidomorpha lineage from Palaeozoic (Insecta: Hemiptera). Systematic Entomology, 40(1): 207\u2013213.", "Szwedo J., Nel A. 2011. The oldest aphid insect from the Middle Triassic of the Vosges, France. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 56(4): 757\u2013766.", "Unwin D.M., Bakhurina N.N. 1994. Sordes pilosus and the nature of the pterosaur flight apparatus. Nature, 371(6492): 62\u201364.", "Vakhrameev V.A. 1988. Jurassic and Cretaceous floras and climates of the Earth. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Nauka, Moscow, 214 pp. [in Russian].", "Vakhrameev V.A., Kotova I.Z. 1977. Older angiosperms and associating plants in the Lower Cretaceous deposits of Transbaikalia. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 4: 101\u2013109 [in Russian].", "Vr\u0161ansk\u00fd P. 2007. Jumping cockroaches (Blattaria, Skokidae fam. n.) from the Late Jurassic of Karatau in Kazakhstan. Biologia, 62(5): 588\u2013592.", "Wegierek P. 1991. The aphid family Genaphididae (Homoptera, Aphidina) from the Upper Mesozoic of Mongolia. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 68: 337\u2013348.", "Wegierek P. 2002. Relationships within Aphidomorpha on the basis of thorax morphology. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu \u015al\u0105skiego, Katowice, 106 pp.", "Wegierek P. 2004. Historia ewolucyjna mszyc. Ewolucja. Biuletyn Muzeum Ewolucji Instytutu Paleobiologii PAN, 2: 37\u201342 [in Polish].", "Wegierek P., Bro\u017cek J., Thomson U.R., Bo W. 2018. The aphid Hormatalis lancigerens gen. et sp. nov. from Burmese amber sheds new light on the phylogenetic position of the Cretaceous family Isolitaphidae (Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha). Cretaceous Research, 89: 292\u2013301.", "Wegierek P., Grimaldi D.A. 2010. A new subfamily of aphids (Hemiptera, Aphidomorpha) from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber with a description of the oldest apterous morphs. Acta Geologica Sinica, 84(4): 665\u2013672.", "Wojciechowski W. 1992. Studies on systematic system of aphids (Homoptera, Aphidinea). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu \u015al\u0105skiego, Katowice, 75 pp.", "Zhang J. 2007. New mesosciophilid gnats (Insecta: Diptera: Mesosciophilidae) in the Daohugou biota of Inner Mongolia, China. Cretaceous Research, 28(2): 297\u2013301.", "Zhang J.F., Zhang S., Hou F., Ma G. 1989. Late Jurassic aphids (Homoptera, Insecta) from Shandong Province, China. Geology of Shandong, 5: 28\u201346 [in Chinese, English summary]", "Zharkov M.A., Murdmaa I.O., Filatova N.I. 1998. Palaeogeography of the Berrisian - Barremian ages of the Early Cretaceous. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 6: 47\u201369.", "\u017by\u0142a D., Blagoderov V., Wegierek P. 2014. Juraphididae, a new family of aphids and its significance in aphid evolution. Systematic Entomology, 39(3): 506\u2013517.", "\u017by\u0142a D., Homan A., Wegierek P. 2017. Polyphyly of the extinct family Oviparosiphidae and its implications for inferring aphid evolution (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha). Plos One, 12(4): e0174791.", "\u017by\u0142a D., Wegierek P. 2013. The oldest Palaeoaphididae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha) from the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous locality of Khotont (Mongolia). Insect Systematic & Evolution, 44(2): 149\u2013155.", "\u017by\u0142a D., Wegierek P. 2015. The oldest representatives of the aphid family Ellinaphididae and phylogenetic relationships within the family. Cretaceous Research, 52: 348\u2013356."]}