Use of the Brazil nut in the juvenile silver catfish diet and its effect on zootechnical performance and body composition

• Main Authors: Neyrão, Iuri Moraes, Lopes, Paulo Rodinei Soares
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2020
• Subjects: fish feeding; aquaculture; inclusion; nutrition; Bertholletia excelsa; animal performance; carcass composition; Rhamdia quelen; Indian; Argentina; Piedras; Toledo; Arlington; Pena; Duarte; Barros; Contreras; Avalia; Ruud; Sandnes; Enke; Granville; Torta; Atlantic salmon; Salmo salar
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4062034; https://zenodo.org/record/4062034

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary Brazil nut ( Bertholletia excelsa ), on zootechnical performance of juveniles silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen ). Fifty juveniles silver catfish (14.75 ± 1.42 g) were assigned to 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments were different inclusion percentages of Brazil nut in the diet (T0, T3, T6, T9, T12) for 45 days. The variables final weight gain, average daily gain, protein efficiency rate, body protein deposition, body fat deposition, carcass yield and survival were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, and the means compared by the Tukey test at 5 % significance. A lower final weight gain and a decrease in average daily gains were observed in the animals of the T3 group compared to T0. Protein efficiency rate, body protein and fat deposition, carcass yield and survival were not affected by the treatments evaluated. The inclusion of 3 % Brazil nut in the juveniles silver catfish diet, decreased the final weight gain and affected the average daily gain of the fish evaluated, without affecting the rest of the zootechnical variables studied. : {"references": ["Alceste, CC; Jory, DE. 2000. Til\u00e1pia \u2013 Alternative protein sources in tilapia feed formulation. Aquaculture Management 26(4):7-13.", "AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemistry). 1995. Official methods of analysis. 16 ed. Arlington, USA, AOAC International. 1018 p.", "Azevedo, RVD; Tonini, WCT; Braga, LGT. 2013. Palm oil and palm kernel cake in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia (on line). Pesquisa Agropecu\u00e1ria Brasileira 48(8) 1028-1034. Consulted 17 sep. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/fbm5", "Baoshan, L; Jiying, W; Yu, H; Tiantian, H; Shixin, W; BingShan, H; Yongzhi, S. 2019. Effects of replacing fish oil with wheat germ oil on growth, fat deposition, serum biochemical indices and lipid metabolic enzyme of juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus \u2640 \u00d7 Epinephelus lanceolatus \u2642) (on line) Aquaculture 505 54-62. Consulted 20 sep. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/fbm5", "Barreto, LS; Souza, ATC; Martins, CC; Araujo, SBL; Ribeiro, CAO. 2020. Urban effluents affect the early development stages of Brazilian fish species with implications for their population dynamics (on line). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 188:109907. Consulted 14 sep. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/fbm6", "Bomfim, MAD; Lanna, EAT; Serafini, MA; Ribeiro, FB; Pena, KS. 2005. Prote\u00edna bruta e energia digest\u00edvel em dietas para alevinos de curimbat\u00e1 (Prochilodus affins) (on line). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 34(6):1795-1806. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/cb674p", "Bomfim, MAD; March\u00e3o, RS; Ribeiro, FB; Siqueira, JCD; Silva, LR; Takishita, SS. 2020. Digestible tryptophan requirement for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fingerlings (on line). Revista Ci\u00eancia Agron\u00f4mica 51(2):1-9. Consulted 14 sep. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/fbm8", "Borghesi, R; de Arruda, LF; Oetterer, M. 2007. A silagem de pescado na alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de organismos aqu\u00e1ticos (on line). Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa de Processamento de alimentos 25(2):329-339. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://bit.ly/3mYLecz", "Boyd, C. 1997. Manejo do solo e da qualidade da \u00e1gua em viveiro para aquicultura. Coelho, S (trad.). Campinas, Brasil, Mogiana Alimentos S.A. 55 p.", "Brand\u00e3o, LV. 2009. Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de fitase em dietas para peixes (on line). Publica\u00e7\u00f5es em Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia 3(5):1-10. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://bit.ly/30ga8uF", "Brand\u00e3o, LV; Ten\u00f3rio, GLO; Brand\u00e3o, VMD; Costa, LC; Pereira Junior, GP; Roubach, R. 2018. Influ\u00eancia da adi\u00e7\u00e3o de fitase em dietas para tambaqui (on line). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 41(4):1025-1032. Consulted 14 sep. 2020. Available in https://bit.ly/3l15OaB", "Cardoso, BR; Duarte, GBS; Reis, BZ; Cozzolino, SM. 2017. Brazil nuts: Nutritional composition, health benefits and safety aspects (on line). Food Research International 100(2):9-18. Consulted 14 sep. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/gcggn4", "Cheng, ZJ; Hardy, RW; Usry, JL. 2003. Effects of lysine supplementation in plant protein-based diets on the performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients (on line). Aquaculture 215(1-4):255-265. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/bqzq6q", "Coldebella, IJ; Rad\u00fcnz Neto, J. 2002. Farelo de soja na alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de alevinos de jundi\u00e1 (Rhamdia quelen) (on line). Ci\u00eancia Rural 32(3):499-503. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/dv32qz", "Contreras-Guzm\u00e1n, ES. 1994. Bioqu\u00edmica de pescados e derivados. Jaboticabal, Brasil, FUNEP. 409 p.", "Damaceno, JBD 2017. Biocarv\u00e3o e efeito residual de aduba\u00e7\u00e3o fosfatada em mudas de Castanheira-do-Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) em latosolo da Amaz\u00f4nia. Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de Mestrado. Manaus, Brasil, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz\u00f4nia. 71 p.", "da Silva, RF; Ascheri, JLR; de Souza, JML. 2010. Influ\u00eancia do processo de beneficiamento na qualidade de am\u00eandoas de castanha-do-brasil. Ci\u00eancia e Agrotecnologia 34(2):445-450. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/bx6d9d", "de Lima, MR; Ludke, MCMM; Porto Neto, FF; Pinto, BWC; Torres, TR; de Souza, EJO. 2011. Farelo de res\u00edduo de manga para til\u00e1pia do Nilo (on line). Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences 33(1):65-71. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/d8w6qs", "de Souza, JML; de Menezes, HC. 2004. Processamento de am\u00eandoa de torta de castanha-do-Brasil e farinha de mandioca: par\u00e2metros de qualidade (on line). Ci\u00eancia Tecnologia de Alimentos 24(1):120-128. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/dv34hz", "de Souza, SR; Hayashi, C. 2003. Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o do farelo de algod\u00e3o na alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de alevinos de til\u00e1pia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.) (on line). Revista Zootecnia Tropical 21(4):383-398. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://bit.ly/3cCFtwt", "de Souza, SR; Hayashi, C; Galdioli, EM; Soares, CM; Meurer, F. 2004. Diferentes fontes prot\u00e9icas de origem vegetal para til\u00e1pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.) durante a revers\u00e3o sexual (on line). Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences 26(1):21-28. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/ccrhmq", "Decarli, JA; Bittarello, AC; Sividanes, VP; Sary, C; Feiden, A; Signor, A; Bittencourt, F. 2016. Farinha de minhoca para juvenis de jundi\u00e1 Rhamdia voulezi criados em tanques-rede (on line). Agrarian 9(34):390-396. Consulted 14 sep. 2020. Available in https://bit.ly/33bbUz2", "dos Santos, VG; Fernandes Junior, AC; Koch, JFA; Barros, MM; Guimaraes, IG; Pezzato, LE. 2009. Performance of Nile tilapia fed diets containing meal radish forage (on line). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 35(3):451-459. Consulted 14 sep. 2020. Available in https://bit.ly/3cI9JWS", "El-Sayed, AM. 2019. Tilapia culture. 2 ed. Academic Press. Amsterdam, Netherlands. 358 p.", "El-Sayed, AM; Teshima, S. 1992. Protein and energy requirements of nile tilapia, Oreochromis \u00adniloticus, fry (on line). Aquaculture 103(1):55-63. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/cwqz99", "Furuya, VRB; Furuya, WM; Hayashi, C; Soares, CM. 2000. Niveles de inclusi\u00f3n de harina de girasol en la alimentaci\u00f3n de la tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), en etapa juvenil. Revista Zootecnia Tropical 18(1):91-106", "Galdioli, EM; Hayashi, C; de Faria, ACEA; Soares, CM. 2001. Substitui\u00e7\u00e3o parcial e total da prote\u00edna do farelo de soja pela prote\u00edna dos farelos de canola e algod\u00e3o em dietas para alevinos de piavu\u00e7u, (Leporinus macrocephalus) (Garavello & Britski, 1988) (on line). Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences 23(4):841-847. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/fbpf", "Galdioli, EM; Hayashi, C; Soares, CM; Furuya, WM; Nagae, MY. 2000. Diferentes fontes prot\u00e9icas na alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de alevinos de curimb\u00e1 (Prochilodus lineatus V.) (on line). Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences 22(2):471-477. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://bit.ly/3icYnv4", "Gomes, RLM; Moro, EB; Sosa, BS; Damasceno, DZ; Rodrigues, ML; Bittencourt, F. 2019. Sources of lipids in diets for silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) juveniles (on line). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 45(2):1-10. Consulted 14 sep. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/fbpn", "Gomiero, LM; Souza, UP; Braga, FMS. 2007. Reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o e alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) em rios do N\u00facleo Santa Virg\u00ednia, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP (on line). Biota Neotropica 7(3):127-133. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/b33w8r", "Guimar\u00e3es, IG; Lima, CB; Ribeiro, VL; Miranda, EC. 2009. Farinha de algaroba em dietas para til\u00e1pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) (on line). Publica\u00e7\u00f5es em Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia 3(3):491-496. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://bit.ly/338RAy0", "Guimar\u00e3es, SF; Storti Filho, A. 2004. Produtos agr\u00edcolas e florestais como alimento suplementar de tambaqui em policultivo com jaraqui (on line). Pesquisa Agropecu\u00e1ria Brasileira 39(3):293-296. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/cv8cgv", "Hevr\u00f8y, EM; Espe, M; Waagb\u00f8, R; Sandnes, K; Ruud, M; Hemre, G. 2005. Nutrient utilization in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed increased levels of fish protein hydrolysate during a period of fast growth (on line). Aquaculture Nutrition 11:301\u2013313. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/fs3rd3", "Hilbig, CC; do Nascimento, NF; Granville, M; de Toledo, CR; Neumann, G; Bombardelli, RA; Nakaghi, LSO. 2017. Effect of broodstock age on reproductive parameters in silver catfish Rhamdia quelen (on line). Aquaculture Research 48(9):5150-5154. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/fbpv", "Jesus, LSFD; Azevedo, RVD; Carvalho, JSO; Tavares Braga, LG. 2011. Farelos da vagem da algaroba e da folha da mandioca em ra\u00e7\u00f5es para juvenis de til\u00e1pia do Nilo mantidos em \u00e1gua salobra (on line). Revista Brasileira de Sa\u00fade e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal 12(4):1116-1125. Consulted 17 sep. 2020. Available in https://bit.ly/30efkPs", "Koerber, S; Reis, RE. 2020. Evidence for the true type-locality of Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae), and the geographical origin and invalid neotype designation of four of its synonyms (on line). Neotropical Ichthyology 18(1):1-12. Consulted 14 sep. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/fbp2", "Lacerda, CHF; Hayashi, C; Soares, CM; Boscolo, WR; Kavata, LCB. 2005. Farelo de mandioca Manihot esculenta Crants em substitui\u00e7\u00e3o ao milho Zea mays L. em ra\u00e7\u00f5es para alevinos de carpa-capim Ctenopharyngodon idella (on line). Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences 27(2):241-245. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/bjqnbc", "Lanna, EAT; Pezzato, LE; Furuya, WM; Vicentini, A; Cecon, PR; Barros, MM. 2004. Fibra bruta e \u00f3leo em dietas em dietas pr\u00e1ticas para til\u00e1pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) (on line). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 33(6 supl. 3):2177-2185. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/cttwpk", "Lanna, EAT; Pezzato, LE; Furuya, WM; Vicentini, A; Cecon, PR; Barros, MM. 2004. Fibra bruta e \u00f3leo em dietas em dietas pr\u00e1ticas para til\u00e1pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) (on line). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 33(6 supl. 3):2177-2185. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/cttwpk", "Lopes, PRS; Pouey, JLOF; Enke, DBS; Mallmann, CA; Kich, HA; Soquetta, MB. 2009. Use of adsorbent in diets containing aflatoxin for silver catfish fingerlings (on line). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38(4):589-595. Consulted 14 sep. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/bs4b9v", "Luchini, L. 1990. Manual para el cultivo del bagre sudamericano (Rhamdia sapo). Buenos Aires, Argentina, INIDEP. 63 p.", "Lui, TA; Neu, DH; Boscolo, WR; Bittencourt, F; de Freitas, JMA; Feiden, A. 2012. Uso de trigo org\u00e2nico na alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de juvenis de til\u00e1pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) (on line). Pesquisa Agropecu\u00e1ria Tropical 42(4):383-389. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/fbp3", "Maia, EL; de Oliveira, CCS; Santiago, AP; Cunha, FE; Holanda, FC; Sousa, J\u00c1. 1999. Composi\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica e classes de lip\u00eddios em peixe de \u00e1gua doce curimat\u00e3 comum, Prochilodus cearensis (on line). Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Alimentos 19(3):433-437. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/b8h3xw", "Melo, JFB; Boijink, CL; Rad\u00fcnz Neto, J. 2003. Efeito da alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o na composi\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica da carca\u00e7a do jundi\u00e1 Rhamdia quelen (on line). Revista Biodiversidade Pampeana 1(1):12-23. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://bit.ly/3ibXD9t", "Melo, JFB; Neto, JR; Silva, JHS; Trombetta, CG. 2002. Desenvolvimento e composi\u00e7\u00e3o corporal de alevinos de jundi\u00e1 (Rhamdia quelen) alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes fontes dSASe lip\u00eddios (on line). Ci\u00eancia Rural 32(2):323-327. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/dk637s", "M\u00fcller, CH; Figueiredo, FJ; Kato, AK; de Carvalho, JEU; Stein, R; Silva, A. 1995. A cultura da castanha-do-Brasil. Cole\u00e7\u00e3o plantar 23. Brasilia, Brasil, EMBRAPA SPI. 65 p. (S\u00e9rie Vermelha Fruteiras). Consulted 21 April 2020. Available in https://bit.ly/33aKhWH", "Nagae, MY; Hayashi, C; Galdioli, EM. 2001. Inclus\u00e3o do triticale em ra\u00e7\u00f5es para alevinos de piavu\u00e7u, Leporinus macrocephalus (Garavello & Britski, 1988) (on line). Acta Scientiarum 23(4):849-853. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/fbp5", "Nogueira, AC; Rodrigues, T. 2007. Cria\u00e7\u00e3o de til\u00e1pias em tanques-rede. Salvador, Brasil, Sebrae. 23 p.", "Oliveira, SLCL 1999. Estudo dos constituintes lip\u00eddicos em peixes do Cear\u00e1. Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de Mestrado. Fortaleza, Brasil, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1. 118 p.", "Olaya-Nieto, CW; Hern\u00e1ndez, DF; Ayarza, E. 2010. Biolog\u00eda reproductiva del liso Rhamdia quelen (Pisces: Heptapteridae) en el r\u00edo Sin\u00fa, Colombia (on line). Acta Biol\u00f3gica Colombiana 15(3):61-74. Consulted 14 sep. 2020. Available in https://bit.ly/3j7ab3b", "Oyakawa, OT; Akama, A; Mautari, KC; Nolasco, JC 2006. Peixes de riachos da Mata Atl\u00e2ntica. S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil. Neotr\u00f3pica. 201 p.", "Parra, JEG; Rad\u00fcnz Neto, J; Veiverberg, CA; Lazzari, R; Bergamin, GT; Pedron, FA; Rossato, S; Sutili, F. 2008. Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de f\u00eameas de jundi\u00e1 com fontes lip\u00eddicase sua rela\u00e7\u00e3o com o desenvolvimento embrion\u00e1rio e larval (on line). Ci\u00eancia Rural 38(7):2011-2017. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/csc8dt", "Piedras, SRN; Moraes, PRR; Isoldi, LA; Pouey, JLOF; Rutz, F. 2005. Compara\u00e7\u00e3o entre o sel\u00eanio org\u00e2nico e o inorg\u00e2nico empregados na dieta de alevinos de jundi\u00e1 (Rhamdia quelen). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 31(2) 171-174. Consulted 14 September 2020. Available in: https://bit.ly/2S940zC", "Piedras, S; Moraes, P; Pouey, J. 2004. Crescimento de juvenis de jundi\u00e1 (Rhamdia quelen), de acordo com a temperatura da \u00e1gua (on line). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 30(2):177-182. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://bit.ly/3ifg5xQ", "Pradhan, C; Narassimmalu, R; Mohanty, S. 2018. Effect of Different Feeding Levels of Plant-ingredient-based Feed on Fillet Fatty Acid Profile, Carcass Trait, and Sensory Characteristics of Indian Major Carps in Earthen Pond Polyculture (on line). Journal of the world aquaculture society. Consulted 14 September 2020. Available in https://doi.org/fbp6", "Rocha, CB; Pouey, JLOF; Enke, DBS; Xavier, EG; Almeida, DB. 2007. Suplementa\u00e7\u00e3o de fitase microbiana na dieta de alevinos de jundi\u00e1: efeito sobre o desempenho produtivo e as caracter\u00edsticas de carca\u00e7a (on line). Ci\u00eancia Rural 37(6):1772-1778. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/fgr443", "Rodrigues, APO. 2014. Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o do tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) (on line). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 40(1):135-145. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://bit.ly/3i5xetW", "SAS. 2001. The SAS system for Windows. Version 8e. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC. 1 CD-ROM", "Scaranto, BMS; Ribolli, J; Zaniboni-Filho, E. 2018. DNA barcoding reveals blend of silver catfish Rhamdia species from fish farms in Southern Brazil (on line). Aquaculture Research 49(5):1907-1913. Consulted 14 sep. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/gdcqwj", "Signor, AA; Boscolo, WR; Feiden, A; Signor, A; Reidel, A. 2007. Triguilho na Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da Til\u00e1pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.): Digestibilidade e Desempenho (on line). Ci\u00eancia Rural 37(4):1116-1121. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/c7j6k3", "Silfvergrip, AMC. 1996. A sistematic revision of the neotropical catfish genus Rhamdia (Teleostei, Pimelodidae). Doctoral dissertation. Stockholm, Sweden, Stockholm University. 156 p.", "Silva, JC; Bomfim, MAD; Lanna, EAT; Ribeiro, FB; de Siqueira, JC; de Sousa, TJR; March\u00e3o, RS; do Nascimento, DCN. 2018. Lysine requirement for tambaqui juveniles (on line). Semina: Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, 39(5):2157-2168. Consulted 14 sep. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/fbp7", "Silva, TSC. 2013. Exig\u00eancias em prote\u00edna e energia e avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de fontes proteicas alternativas na alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o do cachara Pseudoplatystoma \u00adfasciatum. Tese de Doutorado. Piracicaba, Brasil, Universidade do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNESP). 44 p.", "Soares, CM; Hayashi, C; Rossetto, V; Furuya, VRB; Furuya, WM; Galdioli, EM. 2000. Substitui\u00e7\u00e3o parcial e total da prote\u00edna do farelo de soja pela do farelo de canola na alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de alevinos de piavu\u00e7u (Leporinus macrocephalus, L.) (on line). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 29(1):15-22. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/fmdf5b", "Stech, MR; Carneiro, DJ; de Carvalho, MRB. 2010. Fatores antinutricionais e coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da prote\u00edna de produtos de soja para o pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences 32(3) 255-262. Consulted 21 sep. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/cqpk5b", "Tessaro, L; Toledo, C.P.R; Neumann, G; Krause, RA; Meurer, F; Natali, MRM; Bombardelli, RA. 2012. Growth and reproductive characteristics of Rhamdia quelen males fed on different digestible energy levels in the reproductive phase (on line). Aquaculture 326-329:74-80. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/c374xc", "Webster, CD; Tidwell, JH; Tiu, LS; Yancey, DH. 1995. Use of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) (on line). Aquatic Living Resources 8(4):379-384. Consulted 21 apr. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/dwgkgq", "Yousif, RA; Abdullah, OJ; Ahmed, AM; Adam, MI; Ahmed, FAM; Idam, OA. 2019. Effect of replacing fishmeal with water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) on growth, feed conversion and carcass composition for Nile Tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus) (on line). Journal of Aquatic Science and Marine Biology 2(4):13-20. Consulted 14 sep. 2020. Available in https://bit.ly/3kYsdp0", "Yue, YR; Zhou, QC. 2008. Effect of replacing soybean meal with cottonseed meal on growth, feed utilization, and hematological indexes for juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus \u00d7 O. aureus (on line). Aquaculture 284(1-4):185-189. Consulted 14 sep. 2020. Available in https://doi.org/c454x8"]}