Crucigera zygophora

• Main Authors: Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, McCANN, Linda D., Keppel, Erica, Ruiz, Gregory M.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2017
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Annelida; Polychaeta; Sabellida; Serpulidae; Crucigera; Crucigera zygophora; Pacific; Dillon; Yoke; Hove; Treadwell; McCann; Virgin Bay; Kachemak; Ketchikan; Kodiak; Orca; Alaska
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3851360; https://zenodo.org/record/3851360

Crucigera zygophora (Johnson, 1901) Figs 2 C–D, 3 Serpula zygophora Johnson, 1901: 433–434, pl. 19, figs 205–208 (type locality: Alki Point, Puget Sound, Washington, United States). Crucigera formosa Bush, 1905: 233–234, pl. 28, figs 3–4, pl. 33, fig. 4, pl. 39, figs 6–7, 10–11, 14 (type locality: Dutch Harbor, Unalaska Island; also from Wrangell, southern Alaska). Crucigera hespera Chamberlin, 1919b: 270, pl. 2, fig. 9 (type locality: Mendocino, northern California, United States). Crucigera zygophora – Bush 1905: 233, pl. 29, fig. 5, pl. 31, fig. 2, pl. 33, fig. 3, pl. 39, figs 8, 12– 13, 15, 17, 20 (Sitka, Orca and Virgin Bay, and Prince William Sound, southern Alaska; attached to shell fragments, in twisted masses). — Treadwell 1914: 227 (Alaska and Santa Barbara, Southern California). — Berkeley 1930: 73 (Nanoose Bay, British Columbia; 36–55 m). — ten Hove & Jansen-Jacobs 1984: 165–170, figs 4a–c, 5d, 8d, 9a–j, 10a, c–d, 11a–h, 12 (revision of the genus; Alaska, British Columbia, Washington and California). — Bastida-Zavala 2008: 17–19, figs 4E–F (Alaska and California; 12–64 m). Crucigera formosa – ten Hove & Jansen-Jacobs 1984: 166 (synonymy). Material examined 179 specimens: AK (61) Jul. 2000, AV (1) Aug. 2000, PW (2) Aug. 2003, KD (26) Aug. 2001, ST (58) Aug. 2001, KT (4) Sep. 2003, WA (11) Aug. 2000, OR (3) Aug. 2000, HB (13) Sep. 2003. Additional material Approximately 13 specimens: LACMNH N2128, 1 specimen (approx. 55°55' N, 161°27' W, Canoe Bay, north shore, Alaska, King Crab Investigation, sta. 12–40, 17 Sep. 1940; see Hartman 1948); LACMNH N2129, several specimens (approx. 55°19' N, 162°57' W, Cold Bay, Alaska, King Crab Investigation, sta. 70–40, 27– 64 m, 17 Oct. 1940); LACMNH N2789, 1 specimen (approx. 55°55' N, 161°27' W, Canoe Bay, Alaska, from crab trap, 23 Sep. 1940, coll. N.L. Schmitt); LACMNH N412, 1 specimen (approx. 38°15' N, 122°58' W, Dillon Beach, Perch Rock Pt, California, Jun. 1941, coll. S.F. Light). Diagnosis Juvenile specimens. Tube white, thin and smooth; without peristomes, transverse ridges, longitudinal ridges or alveoli. Opercular peduncle smooth, white, with a bulbous region below funnel (Fig. 2C). In adult, base of operculum yoke-shaped, with a rounded dorsal process and two latero-ventral ones (Fig. 2D). Operculum a nearly radially symmetric funnel, shallow and smooth, without tubercles, with 13–34 radii with rounded tips (Fig. 2 C–D). Collar with bayonet chaetae, with 1–2 blunt, short teeth and minute accessory teeth, smooth distal blade. Taxonomic remarks Juveniles of Crucigera zygophora can be mistaken for Serpula columbiana Johnson, 1901 (Fig. 9A), since the operculum funnel is symmetrical and the basal processes appear as a bulbous region (Fig. 2C), less prominent than in the adult specimens (Fig. 2D). However, the number of radii of the juveniles of C. zygophora is mostly less than 25 radii (Fig. 2C), and in adult between 28 to 34 radii, while S. columbiana have more than 100 radii (Fig. 9B). Also, juveniles of C. zygophora could be confused with C. websteri (see previous remarks on this species). Ecology Sublittoral, 12–250 m (ten Hove & Jansen-Jacobs 1984; Bastida-Zavala 2008). Distribution Pacific: Northern Japan, U.S. west coast from Alaska to southern California (Treadwell 1914; ten Hove & Jansen-Jacobs 1984; Bastida-Zavala 2008). In this work, Crucigera zygophora juveniles were abundant on fouling plates from Kachemak Bay, Kodiak and Sitka, Alaska; and occasionally found in Valdez, Prince William Sound and Ketchikan, Alaska; Puget Sound, Washington; Coos Bay, Oregon; and Humboldt Bay, northern California (Fig. 3). : Published as part of Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, McCANN, Linda D., Keppel, Erica & Ruiz, Gregory M., 2017, The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview, pp. 1-76 in European Journal of Taxonomy 344 on pages 15-17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.344, http://zenodo.org/record/3834679 : {"references": ["Johnson H. P. 1901. The Polychaeta of the Puget Sound Region. Proceedings of the Boston Society for Natural History 29: 381 - 437.", "Bush K. J. 1905. 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