Cryphalus Erichson 1836
Cryphalus Erichson, 1836: 61 (Figs. 10–12) Synonymy = Pseudocryphalus Ferrari, 1869: 252. = Taenioglyptes Bedel, 1888: 398. = Cryptarthrum Blandford, 1896a: 200. = Allarthrum Hagedorn, 1912c: 355. = Dacryphalus Hopkins, 1915: 42 syn. nov. = Ericryphalus Hopkins, 1915: 38. = Hypocryphalus Hopkins, 19...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Text |
| Language: | unknown |
| Published: |
Zenodo
2020
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3847204 https://zenodo.org/record/3847204 |
| Summary: | Cryphalus Erichson, 1836: 61 (Figs. 10–12) Synonymy = Pseudocryphalus Ferrari, 1869: 252. = Taenioglyptes Bedel, 1888: 398. = Cryptarthrum Blandford, 1896a: 200. = Allarthrum Hagedorn, 1912c: 355. = Dacryphalus Hopkins, 1915: 42 syn. nov. = Ericryphalus Hopkins, 1915: 38. = Hypocryphalus Hopkins, 1915: 41 syn. nov. = Margadillius Hopkins, 1915: 37 syn. nov. = Piperius Hopkins, 1915: 39. = Toenioglyptes Balachowsky, 1949: 205 (unavailable name). = Ernocryphalus Murayama, 1958: 934. = Acryphalus Tsai and Li, 1963: 604 (unavailable name). = Gugocryphelus Tsai and Li, 1963: 603 (unavailable name). = Jugocryphalus Tsai and Li, 1963: 604. Type of genus Bostrichus asperatus Gyllenhal, 1813. Diagnosis Cryphalus can be distinguished from similar genera by the combination of emarginated eyes, sutures on the antennae clearly visible but without a septum, by the weakly bilobed third tarsal segments, the proventriculus with a large apical plate, and the aedeagus that has a tegmen sclerotized completing a ring, usually with two tegminal apodemes. Female Eye emarginated. Antennae with three to five funicle segments. Antennal club with three visible procurved sutures, occasionally recurved, never septate. Frons convex, simple, sometimes with weak impression above epistoma, and sometimes with aciculations converging at epistoma. Pronotum with two or more marginal asperities, the margin produced in some species. Hypomeron with bifurcating setae (rare exceptions). Base of elytra sometimes with a slightly elevated ridge, straight to recurved. Angle of apex of declivity shallow, with the apex of each elytron obtuse (typically exposing part of the pygidium). Ground vestiture dense in most species (rarely sparse or absent), which can be hair-like, dagger-like or with tridentate scales. Metatibia with lateral denticles distributed over at least the apical quarter. Mesocoxae not contiguous, usually of a similar distance to distance between metacoxae or wider. Third tarsal segment weakly bilobed. Proventriculus with large apical plate, typically with sutural teeth and much larger apical teeth. Male Similar to female except sixth ventrite usually visible, frons with a transverse ridge, occasionally with enlarged setae on the protibiae and protarsi, and modified vestiture in the gular region. Penis apodemes typically as long as or longer than penis body, and separated or weakly fused at apex. Tegmen dorsally fused to form a ring. Tegmen with two short tegminal apodemes (absent in some species). Spiculum gastrale long, of a similar thickness to the penis apodemes, and without a fork. Basal sclerites not visible. Distribution Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, North America, Central America (introduced), South America (introduced). Remarks In total, 252 species known. Almost all species possess many split setae on the hypomeron which can easily separate species in this genus from most similar bark beetles. The presence, number, and arrangement of sutural teeth on the apical plate of the proventriculus have been extensively used to diagnose Chinese species (see Tsai and Li (1963)). Many species are described. It is likely that several of the species names should be synonymized, but many types are in a poor condition with few external diagnostic characters known. The genus was previously split into three genera, including Hypocryphalus and Margadillius based primarily on the number of funicular segments. This is, however, a rapidly evolving character which may vary within a species and has a poor phylogenetic signal. The large number of species, particularly those described by Schedl, create many secondary homonyms. Where appropriate, these have been corrected. Tsai and Li (1963) proposed three subgenera, Cryphalus s. str. , Acryphalus, and Jugocryphalus . The latter two are listed as unavailable names, based on an apparent lack of type designation (Alonso- Zarazaga and Lyal 2009). However, the types are indicated in the original description of the subgenera (‘ ỄĦḡ ’ after the name, translating to ‘ type of subgenus’), with Cryphalus lipingensis the type of Acryphalus , and Cryphalus fulvus as the type of Jugocryphalus . Among the species described in the subgenera, the descriptions may represent monophyletic clades. Where known, all species are monogamous with cave-like galleries feeding under bark. Type material examined Allotype of Ernoporus antennarius Schedl, 1974 (ANIC); paratype of Ernoporus antennarius Schedl, 1974 (NHMW); holotype of Taenioglyptes aquilonius Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype of Cryphalus araucariae Schedl, 1970 (ANIC); holotype of Taenioglyptes artestriatus Browne, 1970 (BMNH); holotype of Ericryphalus artocarpus Schedl, 1939 (BMNH); holotype and paratype of Cryphalus asperulus Schedl, 1948 (BMNH); paratype of Cryphalus asperulus Schedl, 1948 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus ater Browne, 1984 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus basihirtus Beeson, 1929 (BMNH); holotype of Taenioglyptes bicarinatus Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype of Cryphalomorphus bicolor Browne, 1983 (BMNH); holotype of Hypocryphalus bidentatus Browne, 1980 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus brasiliensis Schedl, 1976 (NHMW); paratype of Ptilopodius brevis Browne, 1970 (BMNH); allotype of Cryphalus brevisetosus Schedl, 1943 (NHMW); lectotype of Cryphalus brevisetosus Schedl, 1943 (NHMW); holotype of Cryphalus brimblecombei Schedl, 1948 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus brunneus Browne, 1984 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus buloloensis Browne, 1984 (BMNH); paratype of Cryphalus buloloensis Browne, 1984 (BMNH); holotype of Margadillius carinatus Browne, 1980 (BMNH); paratype of Cryphalus carpini Berger, 1917 (ZIN); holotype of Cryphalus cylindricus Browne, 1980 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus cylindrus Browne, 1984 (BMNH); holotype of Dacryphalus cylindrus Browne, 1950 (BMNH); paratype of Cryphalus cylindrus Browne, 1984 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus dilutus Eichhoff, 1878 (NHMW); holotype of Cryphalus dipterocarpi Wood, 1989 (USNM); holotype of Taenioglyptes dissimilis Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype and paratype of Cryphalus diversicolor Browne, 1984 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus exiguus Blandford, 1894 (BMNH); holotype of Euptilius exiguus Browne, 1984 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus felis Wood, 1989 (USNM); holotype of Hypocryphalus fici Browne, 1986 (BMNH); holotype of Hypocryphalus froggatti Nunberg, 1961 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus fuliginosus Blandford, 1895 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus fulmineus Wood, 1989 (USNM); holotype of Margadillius fulvus Browne, 1984 (BMNH); cotype of Cryphalus garciniae Nobuchi, 1959 (ITLJ); holotype of Cryphalus grayi Schedl, 1968 (ANIC); holotype of Hypothenemus griseus Blackburn, 1885 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus helopioides Schedl, 1953 (BMNH); holotype of Taenioglyptes hirsutus Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype of Cryphalus inops Eichhoff, 1872 (RBINS); holotype of Taenioglyptes kagoshimensis Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype and paratype of Cryphalus kesiyae Browne, 1975 (BMNH); paralectotype of Cryphalus kurenzovi Stark, 1936 (ZIN); holotype of Hypocryphalus laevis Browne, 1980 (BMNH); holotype and paratype of Cryphalus laevis Browne, 1984 (BMNH); type of Cryphalus laricis Niisima, 1909 (ITLJ); holotype and paratype of Hypocryphalus laticollis Browne, 1974 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus longior Browne, 1984 (BMNH); paratype of Cryphalus longior Browne, 1984 (BMNH); holotype and two paratypes of Taenioglyptes longipennis Browne, 1970 (BMNH); holotype of Hypocryphalus longipilis Browne, 1981 (BMNH); holotype of Taenioglyptes longisetosus Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype and paratype of Margadillius magnus Browne, 1984 (BMNH); holotype of Hypocryphalus malayensis Schedl, 1942 (BMNH); syntype of Cryphalus mandschuricus Eggers, 1929 (ITLJ); paralectotype and lectotype of Cryphalus mangiferae Stebbing, 1914 (BMNH); holotype of Margadillius margadilaonis Hopkins, 1915 (USNM); holotype of Taenioglyptes meridionalis Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); Two paralectotypes of Cryphalus minimus Eggers, 1927 (NHMW, BMNH); holotype of Hypocryphalus minutus Browne, 1980 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus mollis Schedl, 1955 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus montanus Nobuchi, 1964 (ITLJ); paratype of Hypocryphalus montanus Schedl, 1974 (NHMW); holotype and paratype of Cryphalus negrosensis Browne, 1979 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus nitens Browne, 1980 (BMNH); holotype and paratype of Cryphalus nitidipennis Browne, 1984 (BMNH); paratype of Cryphalus nothofagi Browne, 1984 (BMNH); holotype of Margadillius papuanus Schedl, 1973 (ANIC); paratype of Margadillius papuanus Schedl, 1973 (NHMW); lectotype of Cryphalus perminimus Schedl, 1942 (NHMW; holotype of Cryphalus pilosulus Browne, 1980 (BMNH); holotype of Taenioglyptes pulchellus Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype and paratype of Cryphalus punctatus Browne, 1984 (BMNH); holotype of Margadillius quadrituberculatus Schedl, 1963 (NHMW); holotype of Hypocryphalus reflexus Browne, 1980 (BMNH); syntypes of Cryphalus rhusii Niisima, 1909 (ITLJ); syntypes (6) of Cryphalus robustus Eichhoff, 1872 (RBINS(5), BMNH(1)); holotype of Hypocryphalus rotundus Hopkins, 1915 (USNM); holotype of Ericryphalus rugosus Schedl, 1958 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus samoensis Beeson, 1929 (BMNH); syntype of Cryphalus sandakanensis Schedl, 1937 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus sawadai Nobuchi and Takahashi, 1965 (ITLJ); holotype of Cryphalus scabripennis Schedl, 1972 (BMNH); holotype of Ericryphalus securus Schedl, 1940 (BMNH); holotype of Taenioglyptes sordidus Nobuchi, 1975 (ITLJ); holotype of Cryphalomorphus striatulus Browne, 1978 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus striatulus Browne, 1981 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus striatus Browne, 1974 (BMNH); lectotype and 3 paralectotypes Cryphalus swezeyi Schedl, 1942 (BMNH(2), NHMW(2)); syntype of Cryphalus swezeyi Schedl, 1942 (BMNH); holotype of Hypothenemus sylvicola Perkins, 1900 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus terminaliae Browne, 1980 (BMNH); holotype of Margadillius terminaliae Browne, 1984 (BMNH); syntype of Cryphalus trypanus Sampson, 1914 (BMNH); holotype of Cryphalus vestitus Blandford, 1895 (BMNH); holotype and paratype of Cryphalus vitiensis Browne, 1974 (BMNH); holotype of Cryptarthrum walkeri Blandford, 1896 (BMNH). Included species Cryphalus abbreviatus Schedl, 1943: 35. Cryphalus aciculatus (Schedl, 1939b: 341) ( Hypocryphalus ) comb. nov. [ Hypocryphalus ]. Cryphalus afiamalus (Schedl, 1951d: 148) ( Hypocryphalus ) comb. nov. [ Hypocryphalus ]. Cryphalus amplicollis Johnson nom. nov. = Cryphalus laticollis Browne, 1984b: 288 syn. nov. (secondary homonym). Remarks: A replacement name is proposed for Cryphalus laticollis Browne, 1984b because the name is now occupied by Hypocryphalus laticollis Browne, 1974. The replacement name is an adjective formed from ampli (= large) and collis (=collar). Cryphalus angustior Eggers, 1927b: 300 comb. res. [ Hypocryphalus ]. Cryphalus aquilonius (Nobuchi, 1975: 52) ( Taenioglyptes ). Cryphalus araucariae Schedl, 1970a: 214. Cryphalus armatus Schedl, 1974: 459. Cryphalus artestriatus (Browne, 1970: 553) ( Taenioglyptes ). Cryphalus artocarpus (Schedl, 1939b: 432) ( Ericryphalus ). = Cryphalus artocarpus Schedl, 1958d: 498 (syn: Schedl, 1975d). = Cryphalus brownei Wood, 1992b: 79 (unnecessary replacement name). Cryphalus asper (Broun, 1881: 742) ( Tomicus ) comb. nov. [ Hypocryphalus ]. Cryphalus asperatus (Gyllenhal, 1813: 368) ( Bostrichus ). = Bostrichus abietis Ratzeburg, 1837: 163 (syn: Wood, 1972b). Cryphalus asperulus Schedl, 1948b: 26. Cryphalus ater Browne, 1984d: 91. Cryphalus babai Murayama, 1961: 29. Cryphalus bakeri (Eggers, 1927c: 77) ( Stephanoderes ) comb. nov. [ Hypocryphalus ]. Cryphalus balanopselaphus Eggers, 1920: 21. Cryphalus basihirtus Beeson, 1929: 227 comb. nov. [ Hypocryphalus ]. Cryphalus bellus Schedl, 1957b: 47. Cryphalus bicarinatus (Nobuchi, 1975: 53) ( Taenioglyptes ). Cryphalus bicolor (Browne, 1983b: 69) ( Cryphalomorphus ). Cryphalus bidentatus (Browne, 1980b: 383) ( Hypocryphalus ) comb. nov. [ Hypocryphalus ]. Cryphalus boettcheri Schedl, 1943: 38. Cryphalus brasiliensis Schedl, 1976: 65. Cryphalus brevior (Schedl, 1943: 40) ( Hypocryphalus ) comb. nov. [ Hypocryphalus ]. Cryphalus brevipilosus Schedl, 1942c: 173. Cryphalus brimblecombei Schedl, 1948b: 26. Cryphalus brunneus Browne, 1984d: 93. Cryphalus buloloensis Browne, 1984c: 67. Cryphalus capucinicollis Schedl, 1950b: 47. Cryphalus capucinoides Eggers, 1939b: 4. Cryphalus capucinomorphus Schedl, 1950b: 48. Cryphalus capucinus Schedl, 1938c: 425. Cryphalus carinatus (Browne, 1980b: 382) ( Margadillius ) comb. nov. [ Margadillius ]. Cryphalus carpini Berger, 1917: 234. Cryphalus carpinivorus Murayama, 1930: 14. Cryphalus chamaecipariae Niisima, 1910: 10. Cryphalus chinlingensis Tsai and Li, 1963: 612. Cryphalus ciliatipes Blandford, 1896b: 242. Cryphalus cinereotestaceus (Motschulsky, 1866: 403) ( Hypoborus ). Cryphalus compactus Lea, 1910: 139. Cryphalus confusus (Hopkins, 1915: 38) ( Margadillius ) comb. nov. [ Margadillius ]. Cryphalus constrictus Schedl, 1942c: 174. = Cryphalus perminimus Schedl, 1942d: 13 (syn: Schedl, 1958e). = Hypocryphalus constrictus Schedl, 1942d: 22. = Hypocryphalus froggatti Nunberg, 1961: 611 (syn: Schedl, 1962c). Cryphalus corpulentus (Schedl, 1942d: 22) ( Hypocryphalus ) comb. nov. [ Hypocryphalus ]. Cryphalus coryli Stark, 1936: 144. Cryphalus cryptomeriae Niisima, 1908: 91. Cryphalus cylindricus Browne, 1980b: 384. Cryphalus cylindripennis (Schedl, 1959a: 483) ( Hypocryphalus ) comb. nov. [ Hypocryphalus ]. Cryphalus cylindrus (Browne, 1950: 647) ( Dacryphalus ) comb. nov. [ Hypocryphalus ]. Cryphalus densepilosus (Schedl, 1942d: 21) ( Hypocryphalus ) comb. nov. [ Hypocryphalus ]. Cryphalus dilutus Eichhoff, 1878a: 384 comb. res. [ Hypocryphalus ]. = Cryphalus dilutus Eichhoff, 1878b: 490 (syn: Johnson et al., 2017). Cryphalus dipterocarpi Wood, 1989: 179. Cryphalus discrepans (Schedl, 1965a: 58) ( Hypocryphalus ) comb. nov. [ Hypocryphalus ]. Cryphalusdiscretus Eichhoff,1878a: 385 comb. res. [ Hypocryphalus ]. = Cryphalus discretus Eichhoff, 1878b: 490 (syn: Johnson et al., 2017). = Cryphalus scabricollis Eichhoff, 1878b: 491 (syn: Wood, 1989). = Cryphalus brevisetosus Schedl, 1943: 36 (syn: Wood, 1989). Cryphalus dissimilis (Nobuchi, 1975: 57) ( Taenioglyptes ). Cryphalus diversicolor Browne, 1984d: 90. Cryphalus dorsalis (Motschulsky, 1866: 403) ( Hypoborus ). = Hylesinus sericeus Motschulsky, 1866: 402 (syn: Wood, 1969). = Hypoborus nebulosus Motschulsky, 1866: 403 (syn: Wood, 1969). = Cryphalus indicus Eichhoff, 1878a: 384 syn. nov. = Cryphalus indicus Eichhoff, 1878b: 489. Remarks: No formal synonymy has been proposed for this species name. Wood (1969) indicated that they are probably the same, and Wood and Bright (1992) listed the synonyms as above, choosing Cryphalus dorsalis as the valid name with dorsalis getting priority chosen by the first reviser. The nomenclature is being treated as valid, but the subjective synonymy is uncertain (see Mandelshtam and Nikitsky 2005). Cryphalus dubiosus Schedl, 1963c: 66. Cryphalus duplosquamosus Schedl, 1942d: 15. Cryphalus eggersi Johnson nom. nov. = Cryphalus confusus Eggers, 1927b: 395 syn. nov. (secondary homonym). Remarks: A replacement name is proposed for Cryphalus confusus Eggers, 1927b, because the combination is already occupied following the transfer of Margadillius confusus Hopkins, 1915 to Cryphalus . The replacement name is a noun in the genitive case, honoring the original author. Cryphalus elaboratus Schedl, 1950b: 51. Cryphalus elongatus Schedl, 1962f: 105. Cryphalus eriobotryae Johnson, 2019: 3. Cryphalus erraticus Schedl, 1979c: 96. Remarks: The original and subsequent spelling is erraticum as an adjective, which should be the masculine erraticus . Cryphalus erythrinae (Hopkins, 1915: 38) ( Margadillius ) comb. nov. [ Margadillius ]. Cryphalus exiguus Blandford, 1894b: 82. Cryphalus felis Wood, 1989: 180. Cryphalus fici (Browne, 1986: 90) ( Hypocryphalus ) comb. nov. [ Hypocryphalus ]. Cryphalus ficivorus Murayama, 1958: 933. Cryphalus formosanus Schedl, 1942a: 175. Cryphalus fugax Schedl, 1973b: 87. Cryphalus fuliginosus Blandford, 1895: 319. Cryphalus fulmineus Wood, 1989: 180. Cryphalus fulvus Niisima, 1908: 92. = Cryphalus pini Eggers, 1921: 39 (syn: Eggers, 1923b). Cryphalus furukawai Murayama, 1934a: 59. Cryphalus fuscus Johnson nom. nov. = Cryphalus cylindrus Browne, 1984d: 92 syn. nov. (secondary homonym). Remarks: A replacement name is proposed for Cryphalus cylindrus Browne, 1984d following the transfer of Dacryphalus cylindrus Browne, 1950 from Hypocryphalus . The replacement name is an adjective, meaning either brown or indistinct. : Published as part of Johnson, Andrew J., Hulcr, Jiri, Knížek, Miloš, Atkinson, Thomas H., Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I., Park, Sangwook, Li, You & Jordal, Bjarte H., 2020, Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-81 in Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (3) on pages 16-24, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixaa002, http://zenodo.org/record/3826789 : {"references": ["Erichson, W. F. 1836. Systematische Auseinandersetzung der Familie der Borkenkafer (Bostrichidae). Arch. Naturgeschichte 2: 45 - 65.", "Ferrari, J. A. 1869. Nachtrage, Berichtigungen und Aufklarungen uber zweifelhaft gebliebene Arten in: \" Die forst- und baumzuchtschadlichen Borkenkafer (Tomicides Lac.) \" etc. Berl. Entomol. Z. 12: 251 - 258.", "Bedel, L. 1888. Faune des Coleopteres du Bassin de la Seine. Vol. VI. Rhynchophora. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr .. (6) 7 (4), Publication Hors Serie: 385 - 444.", "Blandford, W. F. H. 1896 a. Descriptions of new Scolytidae from the Indo- Malayan and Austro-Malayan regions. Trans. Entomol. Soc. London. 1896: 191 - 228.", "Hagedorn, M. 1912 c. Neue Borkenkafergattungen und arten aus Afrika (Col.). Deutsche Entomol. Z. 1912: 351 - 356, pls. 6 - 7.", "Hopkins, A. D. 1915. Classification of the Cryphalinae, with descriptions of new genera and species. United States Department of Agriculture, Report No. 99. Government Printing Office, Washington, New Zealand. 75 pp, 4 pls.", "Balachowsky, A. S. 1949. Faune de France 50 Coleopteres: Scolytides. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France. 320 pp.", "Murayama, J. 1958. Studies in the scolytid-fauna of the northern half of the Far East, IV: new genera and new species. Bull. Fac. Agric. Yamaguti Univ. 9: 927 - 936.", "Tsai, P-H., and C-L. Li. 1963. Research on the Chinese bark-beetles of the genus Cryphalus Er. with descriptions of new species. Acta Entomol. Sin. 12: 597 - 624, 6 pls. [in Chinese and English].", "Gyllenhal, L. 1813. Insecta Svecica descripta a Leonardo Gyllenhal. F. J. Leverentz, Scaris [Skara], Sweden. [4] + 730 + [2] pp.", "Schedl, K. E. 1974. New Scolytidae and Platypodidae from the Papuan subregion and New Caledonia, III. 302. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien. 78: 457 - 472.", "Nobuchi, A. 1975. Studies on Scolytidae XIII. Twenty-one new species of Cryphalini from Japan (Coleoptera). Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Station. 277: 41 - 60, 2 pls.", "Browne, F. G. 1970. Some Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) in the collection of the British Museum. J. Nat. Hist. 4: 539 - 583.", "Beeson, C. F. C. 1929. Platypodidae and Scolytidae, pp 217 - 248. In 1929. Insects of Samoa and the Samoan terrestrial Arthropoda. Part IV, Coleoptera (4) [1927 - 1935]. Trustees of the British Museum, London, UK. 346 + 58 pp, 1 pl.", "Schedl, K. E. 1976. Neotropische Scolytoidea, XIII. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierk. Dresden. 41: 49 - 92.", "Schedl, K. E. 1943. Fauna Philippinensis, VII. 78. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Entomol. Blat. 39: 34 - 41.", "Berger, V. M. 1917. Koroedy Yuzhno-Ussuriiskago Kraya [Les Scolytiens de la province d'Oussourie du Sud]. Rev. Russe Entomol. 16: 226 - 248.", "Browne, F. G. 1950. New Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) from Malaya. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (series 12). 3: 641 - 650.", "Wood, S. L. 1989. Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera), part IV. Great Basin Nat. 49: 167 - 185.", "Browne, F. G. 1986. Bark beetles and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae and Platypodidae) intercepted at Japanese ports, with descriptions of new species, XIII. Kontyu. 54: 89 - 99.", "Nunberg, M. 1961. Zur Kenntnis der malayischen und aethiopischen Borken- und Kernkaferfauna (Col. Scolytidae und Platypodidae). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 13). 3: 609 - 632.", "Blandford, W. F. H. 1895. A list of the Scolytidae collected in Ceylon by Mr. George Lewis, with descriptions of new species. J. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 6). 15: 315 - 328.", "Nobuchi, A. 1959. Some species of Scolytidae from Ryukyu Islands. Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Station. 116: 21 - 26, 2 pls.", "Schedl, K. E. 1968. On some Scolytidae and Platypodidae of economic importance from the territory of Papua and New Guinea. 250. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Pacific Insects. 10: 261 - 270.", "Blackburn, T. 1885. [New taxa]. In T. Blackburn, and D. Sharp. 1885. Memoirs on the Coleoptera of the Hawaiian Islands. The Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, Series 2, 3. 6: 119 - 289, 300, pls. IV, V.", "Browne, F. G. 1975. Cryphalus keslyae Browne, sp. nov., p. 288. In Beaver, R. A., and F. G. Browne. The Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Thailand, a checklist with biological and zoogeographical notes. Orient. Insects. 9: 283 - 311.", "Stark, V. N. 1936. Novye vidy koroedov iz Aziatskoi chasti SSSR [Neue Borkenkaferarten aus dem asiatischen Teile der USSR]. Bull. Far East. Branch Acad. Sci. USSR. 18: 141 - 154.", "Niisima, Y. 1909. Die Scolytiden Hokkaidos unter Berucksichtigung ihrer Bedeutung fur Forstschaden. J. Coll. Agric. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Sapporo. 3: 109 - 179, pl. [III-IX]", "Browne, F. G. 1974. A summary of the scolytid fauna (Coleoptera) of Fiji, with some new species. Commonw. For. Rev. 53: 63 - 71.", "Browne, F. G. 1981. Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae and Platypodidae) intercepted at Japanese ports, with descriptions of new species, V. Kontyu. 49: 125 - 136.", "Stebbing, E. P. 1914. Indian forest insects of economic importance. Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, UK. pp. 648.", "Nobuchi, A. 1964. Studies on Scolytidae III. Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Station. 171: 129 - 134, 2 pls.", "Browne, F. G. 1979. Additions to the scolytid fauna (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) of the Philippines. Philipp. J. Sci. 106: 85 - 86.", "Nobuchi, A., and K. Takahashi. 1965. Male of Xyleborus multilatus Blandford and a new species of Cryphalus Erichson. Studies on Scolytidae IV. Akitu Trans. Kyoto Entomol. Soc. 13: 1 - 3.", "Browne, F. G. 1978. [New taxa]. In Beaver, R. A. and F. G. Browne. 1978. The Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Penang, Malaysia. Orient. Insects. 12: 575 - 624.", "Perkins, R. C. L. 1900. Coleoptera, II. Coleoptera Rhynchophora, Proterhinidae, Heteromera and Cioidae, pp. 117 - 270 + pl. VII-X. In D. Sharp (eds.), Fauna Hawaiiensis or the Zoology of the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Isles: Being Results of the Explorations instituted by the Joint Committee appointed by the Royal Society of London for Promoting Natural Knowledge and the British Association for the Advancement of Science. And carried on with the assistance of those Bodies and of the Trustees of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum at Honolulu. The University Press, Cambridge, UK. Vol., 2. Part 3.", "Sampson, F. W. 1914. The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr J. Stanley Gardiner, M. A. XVIII. Coleoptera; Platypodidae and Ipidae from the Seychelles Islands. Trans. Linn. Soc. London. 16: 379 - 391.", "Schedl, K. E. 1939 b. Malaysian Scolytidae and Platypodidae, IV. 57 th Contribution. J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 18: 327 - 364.", "Schedl, K. E. 1951 d. Fauna Samoana (Scolytoidea), I. 109. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus .. 20: 131 - 156.", "Browne, F. G. 1984 b. Bark beetles and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Scolyidae and Platypodidae) intercepted at Japanese ports, with descriptions of new species, IX. Kontyu. 52: 286 - 292.", "Eggers, H. 1927 b. Neue Indomalayische Borkenkafer (Ipidae), I. Nachtrag. Treubia. 9: 390 - 408.", "Schedl, K. E. 1970 a. Further new Scolytoidea from the territory of Papua and New Guinea. 267. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 94: 214 - 236.", "Schedl, K. E. 1958 d. Scolytoidea from Borneo, II. Sarawak Mus. J. 8: 498 - 499.", "Wood, S. L. 1992 b. Nomenclatural changes and new species of Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera), part II. Great Basin Nat. 52: 78 - 88.", "Broun, T. 1881. Manual of the New Zealand Coleoptera. Part IL. George Didsbury, Wellington, New Zealand. viii + 653 - 744 + xxixxiii pp.", "Ratzeburg, J. T. C. 1837. Die Forst-insekten: oder Abbildung und Beschreibung der in den Waldern Preussens und der Nachbarstaaten als schadlich oder nutzlich bekannt gewordenen Insekten. Erster Theil. Die Kafer. Nicolai, Berlin, Germany. X + 4 + 202 pp., 21 pls.", "Wood, S. L. 1972 b. New synonymy in the bark beetle tribe Cryphalini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Great Basin Nat. 32: 40 - 54.", "Schedl, K. E. 1948 b. New species and records of Australian Scolytidae. Proc. R. Soc. Queensl. 60: 25 - 29.", "Browne, F. G. 1984 d. More new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Papua New Guinea. South Pacific J. Nat. Sci. 6: 86 - 102.", "Murayama, J. 1961. Scolytid-beetles from Niigata Prefecture, Japan (with six figures in the text). Akitu Trans. Kyoto Entomol. Soc. 10: 23 - 32.", "Eggers, H. 1927 c. Neue Indo-Malayische Borkenkafer (Ipidae), II. Nachtrag. Philipp. J. Sci. 33: 67 - 108.", "Eggers, H. 1920. 60 neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus Afrika, nebst zehn neuen Gattungen, zwei Abarten. (Schluss). Entomol. Blat. 16: 33 - 45.", "Schedl, K. E. 1957 b. Scolytoidea nouveaux du Congo Belge. II. Mission R. Mayne - K. E. Schedl 1952. Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge, Serie 8 \u00b0, Sci. Zool. 56: 1 - 162.", "Browne, F. G. 1983 b. Some new species of Platypodidae and Scolytidae from Papua New Guinea. South Pacific J. Nat. Sci. 4: 55 - 75.", "Browne, F. G. 1980 b. Bark beetles and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae and Platypodidae) intercepted at Japanese ports, with descriptions of new species, II. Kontyu. 48: 380 - 389.", "Schedl, K. E. 1942 c. Interessante und neue Scolytiden und Platypodiden aus der australischen Region. 79. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Mitt. Munch. Entomol. Ges. 32: 162 - 201.", "Browne, F. G. 1984 c. Bark Beetles and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae and Platypodidae) intercepted at Japanese ports, with description of new species, X. Kontyu. 52: 448 - 457.", "Schedl, K. E. 1950 b. Fauna Fijiana (Scolytoidea). 94. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 20: 35 - 54.", "Eggers, H. 1939 b. Entomological results from the Swedish expedition 1934 to Burma and British India. Coleoptera: Ipidae, gesammelt von Rene Malaise. Ark. Zool. 31 A: 1 - 14.", "Schedl, K. E. 1938 c. Scolytidae and platypodidae: fauna philippinensis, V. Philipp. J. Sci. 67: 421 - 429.", "Murayama, J. 1930. Revisions des familes des Ipides et des Platypides de Coree. J. Chosen Nat. Hist. Soc. 11: 1 - 34, 2 pls.", "Niisima, Y. 1910. Die Borkenkaefer Nord- und Mittel-Japans. Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 3: 1 - 18.", "Blandford, W. F. H. 1896 b. Scolytides de la Nouvelle Caledonie. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 40: 241 - 245.", "Motschulsky, V. de. 1866. Essai d'un catalogue des insectes de l'ile de Ceylan. Supplement. Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscou. 39: 393 - 446.", "Lea, A. M. 1910. On Australian and Tasmanian Coleoptera, with descriptions of new species Part I. Proc. R. Soc. Vic. New Series. 22: 113 - 152, pl. 30.", "Schedl, K. E. 1942 d. Neue Scolytidae aus Java. 76. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Tijdschr. Entomol. 85: 1 - 49.", "Schedl, K. E. 1958 e. Zur Synonymie der Borkenkafer, II. 159. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Tijdschr. Entomol. 101: 141 - 155.", "Schedl, K. E. 1962 c. Synonymies of bark beetles, VII. 204. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (series 13). 4: 697 - 699.", "Niisima, Y. 1908. Uber die japanischen Cryphalus - Arten. Verh. K. - K. Zool. - Bot. Ges. Wien. 58: 89 - 92.", "Schedl, K. E. 1959 a. A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes. Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 111: 469 - 534.", "Eichhoff, W. J. 1878 a. Neue oder noch unbeschriebene Tomicinen. Stett. Ent. Zeit. 39: 383 - 392.", "Eichhoff, W. J. 1878 b. Ratio, descriptio, emendatio eorum Tomicinorum qui sunt in Dr medic. Chapuisii et autoris ipsius collectionibus et quos praeterea recognovit scriptor. Mem. Soc. Entomol. Liege, Serie 2 e. 8: 1 - 531, pl. I-V.", "Johnson, A. J., Knizek, M., T. H. Atkinson, B. H. Jordal, R. C. Ploetz, and J. Hulcr. 2017. Resolution of a global mango and fig pest identity crisis. Insect Syst. Diver. 1: 1 - 10.", "Schedl, K. E. 1965 a. Fauna Madagascariensis, VI. 232. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Reichenbach. Dresden. 5: 51 - 85.", "Wood, S. L. 1969. New synonymy and records of Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Nat. 29: 113 - 128.", "Wood, S. L., and D. E. Bright. 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: taxonomic Index. Vols. A and B. Brigham Young University. Great Basin Nat. Mem. 13: 1 - 1553.", "Mandelshtam, M. Y., and N. B. Nikitsky. 2005. Review of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) type specimens from V. Motschulsky collection preserved in the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University [In Russian]. Byulleten' Moskovskogo obshchestva ispytateley prirody. Otdel Biol. 115: 13 - 21.", "Schedl, K. E. 1963 c. Zur Synonymie der Borkenkafer, XI. 215. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Koleopterol. Rundsch. 40 / 41: 60 - 66.", "Schedl, K. E. 1962 f. Zur synonymie der Borkenkafer, X. 213. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Mitt. Munch. Entomol. Ges. 52: 85 - 107.", "Johnson, A. J. 2019. Cryphalus eriobotryae sp. nov. In S. Zheng, A. J. Johnson, Y. Li, C. Chu, and J. Hulcr. 2019. Cryphalus eriobotryae sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a New Insect Pest of Loquat Eriobotrya japonica in China. Insects. 10: 1 - 7.", "Schedl, K. E. 1979 c. New Scolytidae and Platypodidae from Papua New Guinea, V (Coleoptera). 311. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Faun. Abh. 7: 95 - 120.", "Blandford, W. F. H. 1894 b. The rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. Part III. Scolytidae. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1894: 53 - 141.", "Schedl, K. E. 1942 a. Forschungberichte zur Scolytoiden-Fauna der Malayischen Halbinsel, V. 80. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Kolonial. Mitteil. 5: 169 - 218.", "Schedl, K. E. 1973 b. New Scolytidae and Platypodidae from the Papuan subregion. 299. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Papua New Guinea Agric. J. 24: 87 - 97.", "Eggers, H. 1921. Seltene und neue palaarktische Borkenkafer. II. Entomol. Blat. 17: 39 - 43.", "Eggers, H. 1923 b. Seltene und neue palaarktische Borkenkafer, V. Entomol. Blat. 19: 133 - 139.", "Murayama, J. 1934 a. A new species of Cryphalinae (Coleoptera, Ipidae) from Korea. J. Chosen Nat. Hist. Soc. 17: 59 - 60.", "Nunberg, M. 1965. Scolytidae und Platypodidae (Coleoptera Polyphaga). Parc Natl. Garamba, Mission H. de Saeger. 46: 17 - 28.", "Schedl, K. E. 1950 a. Fauna Aethiopica, III. (103. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Bull. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg. 26: 1 - 36.", "Schedl, K. E. 1975 b. New Scolytidae and Platypodidae from Papua / New Guinea (Coleoptera). 315. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Reichenbachia. 15: 215 - 232.", "Browne, F. G. 1980 a. Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae and Platypodidae) intercepted at Japanese ports, with descriptions of new species, I. Kontyu. 48: 370 - 379.", "Schedl, K. E. 1953 b. Fauna Indomalayensis - III. 133. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 12). 6: 288 - 304.", "Schedl, K. E. 1972 c. Entomological explorations in Ghana by Dr S Endrody- Younga, 8 Zur Scolytoidea Fauna von Ghana (Coleoptera) 284 Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Ann. Hist. - Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 64: 277 - 294.", "Ferrari, J. A. 1867. Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschadlichen Borkenkafer (Tomicides Lac.) aus der Familie der Holzverderber (Scolytides Lac.), mit besonderer Berucksichtigung vorzuglich der Europaischen Formen, und der Sammlung des k. k. zoologischen Kabinetes in Wien. Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien, Austria. 2 + 96 pp.", "Schedl, K. E. 1953 a. Bark and ambrosia beetles from Indochina. 127. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. Rev. Fr. Entomol. 20: 123 - 130.", "Murayama, J. 1939. Notes sur les Scolytides du Manchoukuo. Annot. Zool. Jpn. 18: 137 - 144.", "Inouye, M., and A. Nobuchi. 1957. A revision of Cryphalus species injurious to coniferous trees from Hokkaido, Japan (Coleopt, Scolytidae). Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Station. 103: 45 - 56, 2 pls.", "Niisima, Y. 1913. Neue Borkenkaefer nebst Frasspflanzen. Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 1 - 6.", "Eggers, H. 1942. Zur palaearktischen Borkenkaferfauna (Coleoptera: Ipidae). VIII. Borkenkafer aus dem asiatischen Russland. Arb. Morph. Taxon. Ent. Berl. 9: 27 - 36.", "Pfeffer, A. 1944. Bemerkungen zur Arbeit von Hans Eggers: zur Palearktischen Borkenkaferfauna. VIII. Borkenkafer aus dem asiatischen Russland (Coleoptera: Ipidae). Arb. Morph. Taxon. Ent. Berl. 11: 130 - 131.", "Schedl, K. E. 1952 e. Zur synonymie der Borkenkafer, I. Entomol. Blat. 47 / 48: 158 - 164.", "Nobuchi, A. 1966 a. Bark-beetles injurious to pine in Japan. Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Station. 185: 1 - 49, pls. 1 - 6. [in Japanese; summary and key in English]", "Eggers, H. 1929 a. Ein neuer Kulturschadling aus Ceylon. Entomol. Nachrichtenbl. 3: 112.", "Murayama, J. 1943. Nouvelles especes des Scolytides (Coleopteres) du Manchoukuo. Annot. Zool. Jpn. 22: 96 - 100.", "Mandelshtam, M. Y., A. V. Petrov, M. V. L. Barclay, M. Knizek, and R. A. Beaver. 2007. Taxonomic changes in Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Eastern Asia. Russian Entomol. J. 16: 459 - 464.", "Tsai, P-H., and C-L. Li. 1959. [A preliminary faunistic survey of the Scolytidae in North China]. Collect. Pap. Entomol. Sci. Press. 1959: 73 - 117. [in Chinese].", "Eggers, H. 1926 b. Japanische Borkenkafer, I. Entomol. Blat. 22: 133 - 138, 145 - 148.", "Krivolutskaya, G. O. 1958. Koroedy ostrova Sakhalina [Bark beetles of Sakhalin Island]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moskva, Leningrad [Saint Petersburg], Russia. 195 pp.", "Mandelshtam, M. Y. 2002. New synonymy, new records and lectotype designation in Palaearctic Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Far Eastern Entomol. 119: 6 - 11.", "Stebbing, E. P. 1903. Departmental notes on insects that affect forestry. 2. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. 151 - 334 pp., pls. VII-XIX.", "Eggers, H. 1929 b. Funf neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus dem Osten. Entomol. Nachrichtenbl. 3: 39 - 11.", "Eichhoff, W. J. 1872 a. Neue exotische Tomiciden-Arten. Berl. Entomol. Z. 15: 131 - 136.", "Wood, S. L. 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Nat. Mem. 6: 1 - 1359.", "Eggers, H. 1928. Ipidae (Coleoptera) da America do Sul. Arch. Inst. Biol. Defesa Agric. Anim. 1: 83 - 99.", "Eggers, H. 1930. Zur Synonymie der Borkenkafer (Ipidae, Col). Wiener Entomol. Ztg. 47: 184 - 186.", "Kalshoven, L. G. E. 1958. Studies on the biology of Indonesian Scolytoidea 4. Data on the habits of Scolytidae. First part. Tijdschr. Entomol. 101: 157 - 180, 7 pls., 1 fig.", "Browne, F. G. 1980 c. Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae and Platypodidae) intercepted at Japanese ports, with descriptions of new species, IV. Kontyu. 48: 490 - 500.", "Schedl, K. E. 1955 a. Borken- und Ambrosiakafer aus dem pazifischen Raum. 150. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Entomol. Arb. Mus. G. Frey. 6: 277 - 310.", "Beaver, R. A. 1987. The bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) of Tonga. N. Z. Entomol. 9: 64 - 70.", "Schedl, K. E. 1964 b. Three new species of Scolytidae from Australia, and some introduced Coleoptera. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 89: 246 - 249.", "Schedl, K. E. 1962 d. Zur Synonymie der Borkenkafer, VI. 203. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Entomol. Blat. 58: 201 - 211.", "Browne, F. G. 1973. Some Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from tropical Africa. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr .. 87: 279 - 297.", "Eggers, H. 1911. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Borkenkafer (Schluss). E |
|---|