Potential Efficacy Of Tribulus Terrtri Aginst Toxic Impact Of Chlorpyrifos On Haematological Alteration In The Fresh Water Fish Oreochrommis Mossambicus

• Main Author: Pugazhendy, K
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2018
• Subjects: Tribulus terrtri, chlorpyrifos, Haematology, Oreochrommis mossambicus.; 10.5281/zenodo.1312090; Altran; Correa; Navarro; Nunes; Rani; atlantic cod; Atlantic salmon; Salmo salar
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1312089; https://zenodo.org/record/1312089

Pesticides are stable compounds and they enter the aquatic ecosystem through the agriculture run off. The evaluation of nature and degree of harmful effects produced by the toxic substance in the aquatic organisms are evaluated by toxic tests. 96 hour LC50 values have generally been found to be satisfactory for the measurement of acute toxicity. Therefore, in this present study is an attempt to study the toxicity of the pesticide with respect to the hematology, of fish Oreochrommis mossambicus. The Chlorpyrifos affects not only fish but also organisms in the food chain through the process of consumption of one by the other. The pesticide enters the body tissues of the fish that affects physiological activities. The cytometric measurements of erythrocytes of sublethal exposure showed that there are not many differences from the control. In the control fish, the erythrocytes were oval in shape with elongated nucleus. Fish exposed to sublethal concentration of Chlorpyrifos showed abnormal size Reduction in the volume of the cytoplasm of cells and swelling of nuclei were observed in fish exposed to concentration. In the hematology, the total Red Blood Corpuscle and Haemoglobin content were decreased with the increasing hours of exposure of the chlorpyrifos 36% EC. The amount of the Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) also was increased. The constant increase in the differential count clearly indicates that the pesticide stress certainly stimulates the white blood cells to produce more at all times of exposure. It has been suggested that the enumeration of differential cell ratio counts provision of useful diagnostic procedure to assess the physiological stress in the fish. : {"references": ["Ahmad, Z., 2012. Toxicity bioassay and effects of sub-lethal exposure of malathion on biochemical composition and hematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus. Afr. J. Biotech., 11, 8578-8585.", "Ahmad, F., Ali, S.S., Shakoori, A. R., 1995. Sublethal effects of Danitor (fenpropathrin),a synthetic pyrethroid on fresh water Chinese grass carp, Ctenophayngodon idella, Folia Biol.(Krakow), 43, 151-159.", "De Aguiar, L., Moraes, G., Avilez, I., Altran, A., Correa, C., 2004. Metabolical effects of Folidol 600 on the neotropical freshwater fish matrinx\u00e3, Brycon cephalus. Eviron. Res., 95(2), 224-230.", "Haniffa, M.A., 1990. Haematological effects of Textile millseffluents on freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Environ. Res.,17, 191.", "Kumar, V., Wingfield, J. C., Dawson, A., Ramenofsky, M., Rani, S., and Bartell, P., 2010. Biological clocks and regulation of seasonal reproduction and migration in 661 birds. Physiol. Biochem. Zool., 83, 827-835.", "Meenambal, M., Pugazhendy K., Vasantharaja, C. and Venkatesan, S., 2012. Ameliorative property of Delonix elata supplementary feed against cypermethrin induced serum biochemical changes in fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio (Linn) J. Pharm. Res., 5(5), 2489-2492.", "Overland, H.S., Pettersen, E.F., Ronneseth, A., Wergerland, H., 2010. Phagocytosis by Bcells and neutrophils in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morrhua L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 28, 193-204.", "Prabakaran, S., Pugazhendy, K., Revathi, K. and Jayanthi, C., 2014. Hepatoprotective effect of Pisonia alba and Cardiospermum halicacabum in atrazine toxicity on LPO and some antioxidant activities in the liver tissue of fresh water fish Labeo rohita. Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Arch., 5(2), 1231-1237.", "Pickering, Q.H. and Henderson, C., 1966. The acute toxicity of some heavy metals to different species of warmwater fishes. Int. J. Air Water Pollut., 10, 453-463", "Purves, D., George, J., Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, William C. Hall, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O. McNamara, Leonard E. White, 2008. Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sinauer Associates, 121-2.", "Rahman, M.Z., Hossain Z, Mollah, M.F.A., Ahmed, G.U., 2002. Effect of diazinum 60 EC on Anabas testudineus, Channa punctatus and Barbodes gonionotus Naga. The ICLARM Quarterly, 25, 8-12.", "Rao, J.V., 2006. Biochemical alterations in euryhaline fish, Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of an organophosphorus insecticide, monocrotophos. Chemosphere, 65, 1814-1820.", "Saeed, T., Sawaya, W.N., Ahmad, N., Rajagopal, S. and Al-Omair, A., 2005. Organophosphorus pesticide residues in the total diet of Kuwait. Arab J. Sci. Engr., 30, 17-22.", "Sprague, J.B., 1973. Measurement of pollutant toxic to fish. In: Sublethal effects and \"safe\" concontradons. Water Res., 5, 245-56.", "Srinivasa, M.K., Kasi Reddy, Swamy, K.S., Sri Ramulu, C., 1986. Dichlorovos induced metabolism change in tissues of fresh water murrel L. marginalis. J. Environ. Ecol., 3, 278-287.", "Srivastava, A.S., Oohara, I., Suzuki, T., Shenouda, S., Singh, S.N., Chauhan, D.P., 2004. Purification and properties of cytosolic alanine aminotransferase from the liver of two freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus and Labeo rohita. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 137(2), 197-207.", "Tamizhazhagan, V., 2015. The toxicity effect of monocrotophos 36% e. C on the haematology, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1882). Int. J. Curr. Pharm. Res., 7(4), 92-99.", "Tamizhazhagan, V. and Pugazhendy, K., 2016. The Toxicity Effect of monocrotophos 36% E.C on the biochemical changes Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1882). Int. J. Sci. Res. Develop., 3(11), 802- 808.", "Tamizhazhagan, V., Puagzhendy, K., Sakthidasan, V., Jayanthi, C., 2016. The toxicity effect of monocrotophos 36 E.C% on the histological changes in gill of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1882). Int. J. Innov. Res. Multid. Field, 2(11), 435-439.", "Tamizhazhagan, V., Pugazhendy, K., Sakthidasan, V., Jayanthi, C., Ki HKim, Barbara Sawicka, Vasanth Pandiyan, C., Kasinathan, M., Baranitharan, M. and Ramarajan, K., 2017. Study of toxic effect of monocrotophos 36% E.C on the biochemical changes in fresh water fish Catla catla (Hamilton, 1882). Int. J. Chem. Pharm. Anal., 4(3), 1-9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10. 21276/ijcpa, 2017.", "Varo, I., Navarro, J.C., Nunes, B., Guilhermino, L., 2007. Effects of dichlorvos aquaculture treatments on selected biomarkers of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fingerlings. Aquaculture, 266, 87-96.", "Vasantharaja, C., Pugazhendy, K., Meenambal, M., Venkatesan, S. and Prabakaran, S., 2012. Protective role of Cardiospermum halicacabum against the cypermethrin effect on the haematological parameters of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). Int. J. Toxicol. Appl. Pharm., 2(2), 12-17.", "Venkatesan, S., Pugazhendy, K., Meenambal, M., Sangeetha, D., Vasantharaja, C., Jayachandren, K. and Prabakaran, S., 2012. Protective Role of Spirulina on the Variation of Haematological Parameter Induced by Herbicide Atrazine in the Fresh water Fish Cyprinus carpio (Linn.). Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Arch., 3(1), 249-254.", "Vettrivel, C., Pugazhendy, K., Meenambal, M. and Jayanthi, C., 2013. Curative Efficacy of Spirulina against lead acetate toxicity on the Cyprinus carpio (Linn.) Fresh Water Fish. Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Arch., 4(3), 537-542,", "Visvanathan, P., Maruthanayagam, C. and Govindaraju, M., 2009. Effect of malathion and endosulfan on biochemical changes in Channa punctatus. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., 19, 251-257.", "Wang, J.J., Cheng, W.X., Ding, W., Zhao, Z.M., 2004. The effect of the insecticide dichlorvos on esterase activity extracted from the psocids, Liposcelis bostrychophila and Liposcelis entomophila. J. Insect Sci., 4, 1-5."]}