Evolution of chain migration in an aerial insectivorous bird, the common swift Apus apus ...

• Main Authors: Akesson, Susanne, Atkinson, Phil, Bermejo, Ana, De La Puente, Javier, Ferri, Mauro, Hewson, Chris, Holmgren, Jan, Kaiser, Erich, Kearsley, Lyndon, Klaassen, Raymond, Kolunen, Heikki, Matsson, Gittan, Minelli, Fausto, Norevik, Gabriel, Pietiäinen, Hannu, Singh, Navinder J, Spina, Fernando, Viktora, Lukas, Hedenstrom, Anders
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: Dryad 2020
• Subjects: FOS Biological sciences; Apus apus
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gj1w; https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gj1w

Spectacular long-distance migration has evolved repeatedly in animals enabling exploration of resources separated in time and space. In birds, these patterns are largely driven by seasonality, cost of migration, and asymmetries in competition leading most often to leap-frog migration, where northern breeding populations winter furthest to the south. Here we show that the highly aerial common swift Apus apus, spending the non-breeding period on the wing, instead exhibits a rarely-found chain migration pattern, where the most southern breeding populations in Europe migrate to wintering areas furthest to the south in Africa, while the northern populations winter to the north. The swifts concentrated in three major areas in sub-Saharan Africa during the non-breeding period, with substantial overlap for nearby breeding populations. We found that the southern breeding swifts were larger, raised more young, and arrived to the wintering areas with higher seasonal variation in greenness (Normalized Difference ... : Average winter position in November and December fo rindividually tracked common swifts (Apus apus) breeding in Europe. Tracking method geolocation by light. Clutch size measured as maximum number of young in nest. Wing and mass of common swifts breeding in Europe. Wing and mass collected during ringing at breeding sites. ...