Simulation of radio signals from cosmic-ray cascades in air and ice as observed by in-ice Askaryan radio detectors ...

• Main Authors: De Kockere, Simon, Broeck, Dieder Van den, Latif, Uzair Abdul, de Vries, Krijn D., van Eijndhoven, Nick, Huege, Tim, Buitink, Stijn
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: arXiv 2024
• Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena astro-ph.HE; Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics astro-ph.IM; FOS Physical sciences; Ice Sheet
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.15358; https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.15358

A new generation of neutrino observatories, including RNO-G and RET, will search for PeV-EeV neutrinos interacting in the ice by detecting radio pulses. Extended air showers propagating into the ice will form an important background and could be a valuable calibration signal. We present results from a Monte-Carlo simulation framework developed to fully simulate radio emission from cosmic-ray particle cascades as observed by in-ice radio detectors in the polar regions. The framework involves a modified version of CoREAS (a module of CORSIKA 7) to simulate in-air radio emission and a GEANT4-based framework for simulating in-ice radio emission from cosmic-ray showers as observed by in-ice antennas. The particles that reach the surface of the polar ice sheet at the end of the CORSIKA 7 simulation are injected into the GEANT4-based shower simulation code that takes the particles and propagates them further into the ice sheet, using an exponential density profile for the ice. The framework takes into account ... : 17 pages, 18 figures ...