Performance of two Askaryan Radio Array stations and first results in the search for ultra-high energy neutrinos

• Main Authors: ARA Collaboration, Allison, P., Bard, R., Beatty, J. J., Besson, D. Z., Bora, C., Chen, C. -C., Chen, C. -H., Chen, P., Christenson, A., Connolly, A., Davies, J., Duvernois, M., Fox, B., Gaior, R., Gorham, P. W., Hanson, K., Haugen, J., Hill, B., Hoffman, K. D., Hong, E., Hsu, S. -Y., Hu, L., Huang, J. -J., Huang, M. -H. A., Ishihara, A., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Kennedy, D., Kravchenko, I., Kuwabara, T., Landsman, H., Laundrie, A., Li, C. -J., Liu, T. C., Lu, M. -Y., Macchiarulo, L., Mase, K., Meures, T., Meyhandan, R., Miki, C., Morse, R., Nam, J., Nichol, R. J., Nir, G., Novikov, A., O'Murchadha, A., Pfendner, C., Ratzlaff, K., Relich, M., Richman, M., Ritter, L., Rotter, B., Sandstrom, P., Schellin, P., Shultz, A., Seckel, D., Shiao, Y. -S., Stockham, J., Stockham, M., Touart, J., Varner, G. S., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, S. -H., Yang, Y., Yoshida, S., Young, R.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: arXiv 2015
• Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena astro-ph.HE; Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics astro-ph.IM; FOS Physical sciences; South Pole; South pole
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1507.08991; https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.08991

Ultra-high energy neutrinos are interesting messenger particles since, if detected, they can transmit exclusive information about ultra-high energy processes in the Universe. These particles, with energies above $10^{16}\mathrm{eV}$, interact very rarely. Therefore, detectors that instrument several gigatons of matter are needed to discover them. The ARA detector is currently being constructed at South Pole. It is designed to use the Askaryan effect, the emission of radio waves from neutrino-induced cascades in the South Pole ice, to detect neutrino interactions at very high energies. With antennas distributed among 37 widely-separated stations in the ice, such interactions can be observed in a volume of several hundred cubic kilometers. Currently 3 deep ARA stations are deployed in the ice of which two have been taking data since the beginning of the year 2013. In this publication, the ARA detector "as-built" and calibrations are described. Furthermore, the data reduction methods used to distinguish the rare radio signals from overwhelming backgrounds of thermal and anthropogenic origin are presented. Using data from only two stations over a short exposure time of 10 months, a neutrino flux limit of $3 \cdot 10^{-6} \mathrm{GeV} / (\mathrm{cm^2 \ s \ sr})$ is calculated for a particle energy of 10^{18}eV, which offers promise for the full ARA detector. : 21 pages, 34 figures, 1 table, includes supplementary material