Long-term hindcast simulation of water temperature and salinity in the Baltic Sea
The dataset contains the results of numerical modelling of water temperature and salinity over a period of 50 years (1958-2007) in the Baltic Sea. A long-term hindcast simulation was performed using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model PM3D (Kowalewski and Kowalewska-Kalkowska, 2017), a new versio...
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| Format: | Dataset |
| Language: | English |
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Gdańsk University of Technology
2021
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| Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.34808/vbdz-5209 https://mostwiedzy.pl/en/open-research-data/long-term-hindcast-simulation-of-water-temperature-and-salinity-in-the-baltic-sea,202103311939035183061-0 |
| Summary: | The dataset contains the results of numerical modelling of water temperature and salinity over a period of 50 years (1958-2007) in the Baltic Sea. A long-term hindcast simulation was performed using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model PM3D (Kowalewski and Kowalewska-Kalkowska, 2017), a new version of the M3D model (Kowalewski, 1997). The hydrodynamic model was coupled with a numerical dynamic-thermodynamic model of sea ice (Herman et al. 2011). The model is based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) developed at Princeton University (Blumberg and Mellor, 1987). Like POM, the M3D/PM3D model uses the Mellor-Yamada turbulence scheme and sigma vertical coordinates. The simulation was carried out in a rectangular grid of 3' (latitude) and 6' (longitude) resolution. The spatial resolution was 3 nautical miles, i.e. about 5.5 km. An open boundary was located between the Skagerrak and the Kattegat along the parallel connecting Skagen and Göteborg, where the water exchange with the North Sea takes place. A radiation condition based on Somerfield’s concept for velocities vertically averaged and normal to the boarder plane was applied. Atmospheric forcing for the period 1958-2007 was performed using the regional at atmospheric climate model REMO (REgional MOdel) which was based on the numerical weather prediction model EM (Europa-Model) of the German Weather Forecast Service (DWD). The spatial distribution of water temperature and salinity was recorded twice a day, at a depth of 0 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m, 30 m, 40 m, 50 m and 60 m in the model's computational grid in unproiected form (LatLong, WGS 84, EPSG: 4326). The validation of the modeling results for the period 1958-2007 showed a root mean square error (RMSE) of the water temperature from 0.9 to 1.4 °C, and in the case of salinity RMSE was from 0.16 to 0.5 psu for various stations in the Baltic Sea (Jędrasik i Kowalewski, 2019). Kowalewski M.;1997; A three-dimensional, hydrodynamic model of the Gulf of Gdańsk; Oceanol. Stud., 26 (4); 77–98 Kowalewski M., Kowalewska-Kalkowska H., 2017, Sensitivity of the Baltic Sea level prediction to spatial model resolution, Journal of Marine Systems 173, 101–113, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.05.001 Jędrasik J., Kowalewski M., 2019, Mean annual and seasonal circulation patterns and long-term variability of currents in the Baltic Sea, J. Mar. Syst., 193, 1-26, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2018.12.011 Herman, A., Jedrasik, J., Kowalewski, M., 2011, Numerical modelling of thermodynamics and dynamics of sea ice in the Baltic Sea. Ocean Science, 7(2), 257-276. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-257-2011 Surface salinity and temperature on the first and last days of stimulation |
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