К вопросу об ускоренном формировании целевыхнасаждений сосны кедровойна зонально-типологической основев Западной Сибири : To Question of Accelerated Formation in the Western Siberia of Target Designs of the Cedar Pine Forests on the Zonal-Typological Basis

• Main Authors: Чижов, Б., Кулясова, О.
• Format: Text
• Language: Russian
• Published: Лесохозяйственная информация 2018
• Subjects: кедровники Западной Сибири; типология; морфоценогенез; орехопродуктивность; ускорение семеношения; целевой мониторинг; stone pine forests of Western Siberia; typology; morphocoenogenesis; nut productivity; acceleration of seed formation; target monitoring; khanty; khanty-mansi; nenets; taiga; Tundra; Mansi; Siberia
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.24419/lhi.2304-3083.2018.1.03; http://lhi.vniilm.ru/PDF/2018/1/LHI_2018_01-03-Chijov.pdf

Приведены результаты изучения зонально-типологических особенностей кедровников Западной Сибири. Выявлены оптимальные экологические условия для роста сосны кедровой. Предложены мероприятия по ускоренному формированию орехоносных кедровников. : Zone-typological features of cedar forests were studied based on the materials of the forest management of the Khanty-Mansi and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Districts. The analysis of the data showed that in the taiga zone of Western Siberia, more than 30 types of forest are included in the 6 groups. The most widespread and significant in economic terms is the plantation of cedar, which belong to the green mosses group of forest types. On trial plots of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and Tomsk Oblast, the growth of crops and undergrowth as well as the nut productivity of pine cedar were determined. Experiments on removal of birch and aspen by arboricides were carried out in the Tyumen region and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Optimal conditions for the growth of cedar are added under full illumination. Accelerated formation of nut-bearing stone pine forests is promising in herbage, grass-floodplain, green-moss groups of forest types in the southern and middle taiga, reducing by 5-10 times the period of oppressed cedar growth under the canopy of deciduous plantations. The cutting of the maternal stand is more actively responded to by adolescents 1–3 m in height. Thin young growth, more than 5 m in height, is prone to damage by wind. It is established that for clarification of cultures and natural growth of cedar, birch and aspen shoots are effectively sprayed in August with glyphosate derivatives (doses 6,0–8,0 l/ha) or dried by injection into barrels of arboricides. Radical acceleration of the onset of seed formation in cedar is achieved by grafting cuttings into crones of cedar youngstocks from positive seed-bearing trees. This made it possible to obtain pine nuts from the age of 20–25 years old and to reduce to a minimum the years with poor harvest. Low-productive dark coniferous plantations of forest-tundra and northern taiga, lichen and sphagnum stone pine forests of the more southern subzones are recommended to be used for protection of water objects and environmental protection purposes. : №1 (2018)