Особенности развития многолетних трав на нефелиновых песках : FEATURES OF PERENNIAL GRASSES DEVELOPMENT ON NEPHELINE SANDS

• Main Author: Кривцова Виктория Николаевна
• Format: Report
• Language: unknown
• Published: Электронное научное издание Альманах Пространство и Время 2019
• Subjects: нефелиновые пески; многолетние травы; вегетационный опыт; хвостохранилище; закрепление пылящей поверхности.; nepheline sands; perennial grasses; pot experiment; tailing dump; stabilization of the dusting surface.; Kola Peninsula; kola peninsula
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.24411/2227-9490-2019-11012; https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-razvitiya-mnogoletnih-trav-na-nefelinovyh-peskah/pdf

В статье представлены результаты наблюдения за ростом и развитием многолетних трав на нефелиновом песке, кварцевом песке, алеврито-песчаном субстрате и суглинке. Показана возможность выращивания райграса пастбищного, овсяницы красной и мятлика лугового на нефелиновом песке. Определены некоторые параметры развития растений, а также химические и физические свойства субстратов. : Million hectares of fertile lands are annually allocated to the storage of mining waste. Large areas are occupied by tailing dumps, which are used for the storage of processing waste of mineral resources — tailings. Drying of tailings leads to their dusting in a hot period. Harmful industrial dust is removed, leading to the contamination of the atmosphere and adjacent areas. Tailing dump of the second apatite-nepheline processing plant (ANPP-2) is one of the largest sources of environmental pollution by suspended particles on the Kola Peninsula. The currently used method for the dusting surface fixing at ANPP-2 have several disadvantages, one of which is a high cost of materials. An approximate cost of the polymeric coating "Biorekulat" is 199 rubles/m2. Therefore, it is necessary to develop cheaper methods of tailings dust material fixing with the use of plants to the soil cover rehabilitation. In this paper, we examined the features of perennial grasses (Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis) development on nepheline sand in order to determine the possibility of using them for fixing of this substrate. We observed growth and development of perennial grasses on nepheline sand, quartz sand, aleuritic-sandy substrate and loam. In selected samples we determined: content of organic carbon, particle size distribution, pH, content of the nitrogen and phosphorus in forms available to plants. Determination of total carbon content was carried out by the method of dry burning with coulometric termination on the analyser AN-7529. The particle size distribution was determined by laser diffraction on the Mastersizer 3000E. The pH was determined by a potentiometric method in an aqueous suspension with a soil: water ratio of 1: 5. The amount of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen forms and available phosphorus were determined colorimetricly on the Spekol 1300 AJ spectrophotometer. We have obtained that the best values of germination are traced on nepheline sand. In particular, the germination of Lolium perenne reached a maximum value (100%). The worst values are characteristic for aleuritic-sandy substrate, where the value of Poa pratensis germination was only 35%. For quartz sand and loam equal values of Lolium perenne (90%) and Poa pratensis (45%) germination, and close values of Festuca rubra germination (60% and 73%, respectively) were obtained. Also on the nepheline substrate faster development of perennial grasses occurs, expect for Poa pratensis, development rate of which is higher in the aleuritic-sandy substrate. Thus, we have showed that the nepheline sand is a suitable substrate for the cultivation of perennial grasses: Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra and Poa pratensis. Consequently, listed plants can be used for stabilization of the dusting surface of tailing dumps.