Interactive effects of salinity and elevated CO2 levels on juvenile eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, supplement to: Dickinson, Gary H; Ivanina, Anna; Matoo, Omera B; Pörtner, Hans-Otto; Lannig, Gisela; Bock, C; Beniash, Elia; Sokolova, Inna M (2011): Interactive effects of salinity and elevated CO2 levels on juvenile eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica. Journal of Experimental Biology, 215(1), 29-43

• Main Authors: Dickinson, Gary H, Ivanina, Anna, Matoo, Omera B, Pörtner, Hans-Otto, Lannig, Gisela, Bock, C, Beniash, Elia, Sokolova, Inna M
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2012
• Subjects: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Brackish waters; Containers and aquaria 20-1000 L or < 1 m**2; Crassostrea virginica; Gene expression incl. proteomics; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Atlantic; Other metabolic rates; Salinity; Single species; Temperate; Type; Species; Registration number of species; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Treatment; Sample ID; Identification; Adenosine triphosphate, per wet mass; Adenosine diphosphate, per wet mass; Adenosine monophosphate, per wet mass; Adenylate energy charge; Adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate ratio; Adenosine triphosphate+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate; Glucose; Glycogen; mRNA gene expression, relative; Crossing point for transcript; Sum of end members; Lipids, per wet mass; Carbonic anhydrase activity, per protein; Esterase activity, per protein; Mass; Comment; Betaine; Lysine; Succinate; Acetate; Alanine; pH; pH, standard deviation; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Salinity, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Potentiometric; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; Elia; Sokolova; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.860868; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.860868

Rising levels of atmospheric CO2 lead to acidification of the ocean and alter seawater carbonate chemistry, which can negatively impact calcifying organisms, including mollusks. In estuaries, exposure to elevated CO2 levels often co-occurs with other stressors, such as reduced salinity, which enhances the acidification trend, affects ion and acid-base regulation of estuarine calcifiers and modifies their response to ocean acidification. We studied the interactive effects of salinity and partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) on biomineralization and energy homeostasis in juveniles of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, a common estuarine bivalve. Juveniles were exposed for 11 weeks to one of two environmentally relevant salinities (30 or 15 PSU) either at current atmospheric PCO2 (400 µatm, normocapnia) or PCO2 projected by moderate IPCC scenarios for the year 2100 (700-800 µatm, hypercapnia). Exposure of the juvenile oysters to elevated PCO2 and/or low salinity led to a significant increase in mortality, reduction of tissue energy stores (glycogen and lipid) and negative soft tissue growth, indicating energy deficiency. Interestingly, tissue ATP levels were not affected by exposure to changing salinity and PCO2, suggesting that juvenile oysters maintain their cellular energy status at the expense of lipid and glycogen stores. At the same time, no compensatory upregulation of carbonic anhydrase activity was found under the conditions of low salinity and high PCO2. Metabolic profiling using magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed altered metabolite status following low salinity exposure; specifically, acetate levels were lower in hypercapnic than in normocapnic individuals at low salinity. Combined exposure to hypercapnia and low salinity negatively affected mechanical properties of shells of the juveniles, resulting in reduced hardness and fracture resistance. Thus, our data suggest that the combined effects of elevated PCO2 and fluctuating salinity may jeopardize the survival of eastern oysters because of weakening of their shells and increased energy consumption. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2016-05-26.