Temperature is the evil twin: Effects of increased temperature and ocean acidification on reproduction in a reef fish, supplement to: Miller, Garielle M; Kroon, F J; Metcalfe, Sarah; Munday, Philip L (2014): Temperature is the evil twin: Effects of increased temperature and ocean acidification on reproduction in a reef fish. Ecological Applications, 25, 603-620

• Main Authors: Miller, Garielle M, Kroon, F J, Metcalfe, Sarah, Munday, Philip L
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2015
• Subjects: Amphiprion melanopus; Animalia; Chordata; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria 20-1000 L or < 1 m**2; Laboratory experiment; Nekton; Pelagos; Reproduction; FOS Medical biotechnology; Single species; South Pacific; Temperature; Tropical; Species; Figure; Treatment; Temperature, water; Month; Clutches per month; Reproductive pairs; Clutches per pair; Clutches per pair, standard error; Eggs per clutch; Eggs per clutch, standard error; Eggs area; Eggs area, standard error; Reproductive output per clutch; Reproductive output per clutch, standard error; Clutches, survived to hatching; Clutches, survived to hatching , standard error; Eggs survived to hatching; Eggs survived to hatching, standard error; Hatchling length; Hatchling length, standard error; Yolk area; Yolk area, standard error; Condition index; Condition index, standard error; Hepatosomatic index; Hepatosomatic index, standard error; Gonadosomatic index; Gonadosomatic index, standard error; Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentration; Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentration, standard error; pH; pH, standard error; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air, standard error; Temperature, water, standard error; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Salinity; Salinity, standard error; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard error; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Carbonate ion; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Aragonite saturation state; Calcite saturation state; Potentiometric; Calculated using CO2SYS; Potentiometric titration; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; Metcalfe; Pacific; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.836664; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.836664

Reproduction in many organisms can be disrupted by changes to the physical environment, such as those predicted to occur during climate change. Marine organisms face the dual climate change threats of increasing temperature and ocean acidification, yet no studies have examined the potential interactive effects of these stressors on reproduction in marine fishes. We used a long-term experiment to test the interactive effects of increased temperature and CO2 on the reproductive performance of the anemonefish, Amphiprion melanopus. Adult breeding pairs were kept for 10 months at three temperatures, 28.5°C (+0.0°C), 30.0°C (+1.5°C) and 31.5°C (+3.0°C), cross-factored with 3 CO2 levels, a current day control (417 µatm) and moderate (644 µatm) and high (1134 µatm) treatments consistent with the range of CO2 projections for the year 2100 under RCP8.5. We recorded each egg clutch produced during the breeding season, the number of eggs laid per clutch, average egg size, fertilization success, survival to hatching, hatchling length and yolk provisioning. Adult body condition, hepatosomatic index, gonadosomatic index, and plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations were measured at the end of the breeding season to determine the effect of prolonged exposure to increased temperature and elevated CO2 on adults, and to examine potential physiological mechanisms for changes in reproduction. Temperature had by far the stronger influence on reproduction, with clear declines in reproduction occurring in the +1.5°C treatment and ceasing altogether in the +3.0°C treatment. In contrast, CO2 had a minimal effect on the majority of reproductive traits measured, but caused a decline in offspring quality in combination with elevated temperature. We detected no significant effect of temperature or CO2 on adult body condition or hepatosomatic index. Elevated temperature had a significant negative effect on plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations, suggesting that declines in reproduction with increasing temperature were due to the thermal sensitivity of reproductive hormones rather than a reduction in energy available for reproduction. Our results show that elevated temperature exerts a stronger influence than high CO2 on reproduction in A. melanopus. Understanding how these two environmental variables interact to affect the reproductive performance of marine organisms will be important for predicting the future impacts of climate change. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-09-30.