Seawater carbonate chemistry and biological processes of sand dollars Dendraster excentricus during experiments, 2011, supplement to: Chan, Kit Yu Karen; Grünbaum, Daniel; O'Donnell, Michael J (2011): Effects of ocean-acidification-induced morphological changes on larval swimming and feeding. Journal of Experimental Biology, 214(22), 3857-3867

• Main Authors: Chan, Kit Yu Karen, Grünbaum, Daniel, O'Donnell, Michael J
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2011
• Subjects: Animalia; Behaviour; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria <20 L; Coast and continental shelf; Dendraster excentricus; Echinodermata; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Pelagos; Single species; Temperate; Zooplankton; Experimental treatment; Identification; Salinity; Temperature, water; pH; Alkalinity, total; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Dendraster excentricus, width; Dendraster excentricus, width, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, height; Dendraster excentricus, height, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, anterolateral arm distance; Dendraster excentricus, anterolateral arm distance, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, postoral arm distance; Dendraster excentricus, postoral arm distance, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, posterodorsal arm distance; Dendraster excentricus, posterodorsal arm distance, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, anterolateral arm length; Dendraster excentricus, anterolateral arm length, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, postoral arm length; Dendraster excentricus, postoral arm length, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, posterodorsal arm length; Dendraster excentricus, posterodorsal arm length, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, preoral arm distance; Dendraster excentricus, preoral arm distance, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, preoral arm length; Dendraster excentricus, preoral arm length standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, stomach length; Dendraster excentricus, stomach length, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, stomach height; Dendraster excentricus, stomach height, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, stomach volume; Dendraster excentricus, stomach volume, standard deviation; Sample ID; Dendraster excentricus, total speed; Dendraster excentricus, total speed, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, oscillating speed; Dendraster excentricus, oscillating speed, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, net horizontal speed; Dendraster excentricus, net horizontal speed, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, net vertical speed; Dendraster excentricus, net vertical speed, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, helical pitch; Dendraster excentricus, helical pitch, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, helical width; Dendraster excentricus, helical width, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Bicarbonate ion; Carbonate ion; Aragonite saturation state; Calcite saturation state; pH meter Orion 720A; Measured; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis EUR-OCEANS; European Project on Ocean Acidification EPOCA; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; Orion; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.771908; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.771908

Reduction in global ocean pH due to the uptake of increased atmospheric CO2 is expected to negatively affect calcifying organisms, including the planktonic larval stages of many marine invertebrates. Planktonic larvae play crucial roles in the benthic-pelagic life cycle of marine organisms by connecting and sustaining existing populations and colonizing new habitats. Calcified larvae are typically denser than seawater and rely on swimming to navigate vertically structured water columns. Larval sand dollars Dendraster excentricus have calcified skeletal rods supporting their bodies, and propel themselves with ciliated bands looped around projections called arms. Ciliated bands are also used in food capture, and filtration rate is correlated with band length. As a result, swimming and feeding performance are highly sensitive to morphological changes. When reared at an elevated PCO2 level (1000 ppm), larval sand dollars developed significantly narrower bodies at four and six-arm stages. Morphological changes also varied between four observed maternal lineages, suggesting within-population variation in sensitivity to changes in PCO2 level. Despite these morphological changes, PCO2 concentration alone had no significant effect on swimming speeds. However, acidified larvae had significantly smaller larval stomachs and bodies, suggesting reduced feeding performance. Adjustments to larval morphologies in response to ocean acidification may prioritize swimming over feeding, implying that negative consequences of ocean acidification are carried over to later developmental stages. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).