Seawater carbonate chemistry and Mytilus edulis biological processes during experiments, 2010, supplement to: Thomsen, Jörn; Gutowska, Magdalena A; Saphörster, J; Heinemann, Agnes; Trübenbach, Katja; Fietzke, Jan; Hiebenthal, Claas; Eisenhauer, Anton; Körtzinger, Arne; Wahl, Martin; Melzner, Frank (2010): Calcifying invertebrates succeed in a naturally CO2-rich coastal habitat but are threatened by high levels of future acidification. Biogeosciences, 7(11), 3879-3891

• Main Authors: Thomsen, Jörn, Gutowska, Magdalena A, Saphörster, J, Heinemann, Agnes, Trübenbach, Katja, Fietzke, Jan, Hiebenthal, Claas, Eisenhauer, Anton, Körtzinger, Arne, Wahl, Martin, Melzner, Frank, Thomsen, Elsebeth
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science 2010
• Subjects: Acid-base regulation; Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria <20 L; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Mytilus edulis; North Atlantic; Single species; Temperate; Identification; Experimental treatment; Salinity; Temperature, water; pH; pH, standard deviation; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Mytilus edulis, weight, shell; Mytilus edulis, shell length; Mytilus edulis, weight, dry; Replicates; Mytilus edulis, area, dissolved; Mytilus edulis, dissolution severity; Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, pH; Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, total dissolved inorganic carbon; Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, apparent dissociation constant of carbon acid; Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, bicarbonate ion; Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, carbonate ion; Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, sodium ion; Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, potassium ion; Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, magnesium ion; Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, calcium ion; Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid pH; Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid total carbon; Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid pK; Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid bicarbonate; Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air; Bicarbonate ion; Carbonate ion; WTW 340i pH-analyzer and WTW SenTix 81-electrode; Potentiometric titration, VINDTA marianda; SOMMA autoanalyzer; Calculated using CO2SYS; Scanning electron microscope SEM; Automated CO2 analyzer CIBA-Corning 965, UK; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. 2010; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification BIOACID; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis EUR-OCEANS; European Project on Ocean Acidification EPOCA; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA-ICC; Thomsen; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.763336; https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.763336

CO2 emissions are leading to an acidification of the oceans. Predicting marine community vulnerability towards acidification is difficult, as adaptation processes cannot be accounted for in most experimental studies. Naturally CO2 enriched sites thus can serve as valuable proxies for future changes in community structure. Here we describe a natural analogue site in the Western Baltic Sea. Seawater pCO2 in Kiel Fjord is elevated for large parts of the year due to upwelling of CO2 rich waters. Peak pCO2 values of >230 Pa (>2300 µatm) and pHNBS values of <7.5 are encountered during summer and autumn, average pCO2 values are ~70 Pa (~700 µatm). In contrast to previously described naturally CO2 enriched sites that have suggested a progressive displacement of calcifying auto- and heterotrophic species, the macrobenthic community in Kiel Fjord is dominated by calcifying invertebrates. We show that blue mussels from Kiel Fjord can maintain control rates of somatic and shell growth at a pCO2 of 142 Pa (1400 µatm, pHNBS = 7.7). Juvenile mussel recruitment peaks during the summer months, when high water pCO2 values of ~100 Pa (~1000 µatm) prevail. Our findings indicate that calcifying keystone species may be able to cope with surface ocean pHNBS values projected for the end of this century when food supply is sufficient. However, owing to non-linear synergistic effects of future acidification and upwelling of corrosive water, peak seawater pCO2 in Kiel Fjord and many other productive estuarine habitats could increase to values >400 Pa (>4000 µatm). These changes will most likely affect calcification and recruitment, and increase external shell dissolution. : In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).