Occurrence Download

• Main Author: Occdownload Gbif.Org
• Format: Dataset
• Language: unknown
• Published: The Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2020
• Subjects: GBIF; biodiversity; species occurrences; Alta; Black Hills; Chapel Hill; Nils; San Jose; Theodore; Tromsø; Tula; Wittenberg; Siberia
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.15468/dl.v52wmk; https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/download/0052383-200613084148143

A dataset containing 25589 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Tragopogon dubius Scop." ] } The dataset includes 25589 records from 370 constituent datasets: 1 records from Biosphärenpark Wienerwald - Pfaffstätten. 6 records from Weber State University Herbarium. 4 records from Herbario de Plantas Vasculares de la Asociación BIGA para el estudio del patrimonio natural de Galicia: FBIGA. 2 records from Herbarium of University of Białystok - Vascular Plants. 51 records from University of Tennessee Vascular Herbarium. 11 records from Marie-Victorin Herbarium (MT) - Plantes vasculaires. 49 records from Flora of the Stołowe Mts.. 2 records from Application INPN Espèces: Observations naturalistes, participatives et opportunistes, fondées sur des photographies. 27 records from SD - SD Herbarium, San Diego Natural History Museum. 460 records from Pl@ntNet automatically identified occurrences. 1 records from Données naturalistes de Robin GUILHOT. 8 records from University of Florida Herbarium (FLAS). 9 records from Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO. 15 records from Herbarium Senckenbergianum Görlitz (GLM). 1 records from Vascular Plants Collection of Sagamihara City Museum. 15 records from Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium. 40 records from OAC-BIO Herbarium. 2 records from FloVegSI - Floristical and fitocenological database of ZRC SAZU. 246 records from Florabank1 - A grid-based database on vascular plant distribution in the northern part of Belgium (Flanders and the Brussels Capital region). 49 records from Herbarium specimens of Université de Montpellier 2, Institut de Botanique (MPU)). 1 records from Invasive Plant Atlas of the MidSouth (IPAMS). 22 records from Meise Botanic Garden Herbarium (BR). 261 records from R. L. McGregor Herbarium Vascular Plants Collection. 1 records from Terrestrial Plant Collection (Herbarium Vouchers). 139 records from Données de la flore d’Alsace (SBA). 8 records from Carnet B Centre - lot 2012. 3 records from AD AVH data. 161 records from OEH Atlas of NSW Wildlife. 6 records from University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU. 1 records from Natagriwal Observations made from operations within Natura 2000 habitats and other semi-natural areas. 480 records from Waarnemingen.be - Non-native plant occurrences in Flanders and the Brussels Capital Region, Belgium. 1 records from Inventaire de la flore du Grand Poitiers 2009. 1 records from RNF - Données du Conservatoire d'espaces naturel Centre. 1 records from Lustadter Wald .. 4 records from Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences Clinton Herbarium. 41 records from Colección de plantas vasculares del Herbario "Jaime Andrés Rodríguez". LEB. 1 records from Colección Plantas Vasculares - Herbario del Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia de la Universidad Nacional del Sur. 156 records from Phytochorologie des départements français. 1 records from Fundación Carl Faust: Herbario del Jardí Botànic Marimurtra: HMIM. 5 records from VegetWeb - Repositorium von Vegetationsaufnahmen. 24 records from A grid-based database on vascular plant distribution in Samoylovsky District of Saratov Oblast, Russia. 11 records from Botany (UPS). 126 records from Herbarium Berolinense, Berlin (B). 308 records from Observations floristiques floutées issues de la base de données flore du Conservatoire botanique national alpin. 11 records from University of Manitoba Herbarium (WIN) - Vascular Plant Collection. 2 records from Flore du Limousin. 1 records from Belgian IFBL Flora Checklists (1939-1971). 119 records from University of Colorado Museum of Natural History Herbarium Vascular Plant Collection. 53 records from Butler University Friesner Herbarium (BUT). 21 records from Flore Franco-Belge. 3 records from Herbario de la Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona: UPNA-H. 1 records from Inventaire de la flore de Charente-Maritime 2015. 1 records from UFMT - Herbário UFMT. 76 records from Kathryn Kalmbach Herbarium. 168 records from Sistema de Información de la vegetación Ibérica y Macaronésica. 16 records from Carnet B Lorraine. 613 records from Observation.org, Nature data from around the World. 2 records from Inventaire de la flore des Landes 2012 (Chalosse et Tursan). 12 records from North Carolina State University Vascular Plant Herbarium. 434 records from CSIC-Real Jardín Botánico-Anthos. Sistema de Información de las Plantas de España. 15 records from Dataflos. 32 records from UTEP Plants (Arctos). 1 records from Oskarshamn herbarium (OHN). 46 records from H.A. Stephens Herbarium. 3 records from Leiner-Herbar Konstanz. 4 records from Herbarium specimens of the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle of Aix-en-Provence (AIX). 3 records from Conventions d’étude sur la biodiversité française – Partenariats du Service du patrimoine naturel. 13 records from DEMNA-DNE : Exotic plant occurrences in Wallonia. 6 records from A grid-based database on vascular plant distribution in the Meshchera National Park, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. 1 records from Herbarium of Taiwan Forestry Research Institute. 6 records from Herbarium (UNA). 1 records from Données naturalistes de Julien BIRARD [Inventaire Eclair 18 juin]. 7 records from Données faune, flore et fonge du Conservatoire des espaces naturels de Picardie. 1 records from Innenstadt Göttingen - Natur Zuhause. 1 records from Sammlung altes Gartenherbar Herbarium Hamburgense HBG. 10 records from Plant. 16 records from DIBA-Parc del Montnegre i el Corredor. 6 records from E. C. Smith Herbarium (ACAD). 1 records from The Erysiphales Collection at the University Halle-Wittenberg. 2 records from Données naturalistes de Damien AVRIL. 6 records from Inventaire de la flore de Dordogne 2017. 72 records from RSA - Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Herbarium. 11 records from OBI - Robert F. Hoover Herbarium, Cal Poly State University. 18 records from Herbario ABH (Universidad de Alicante). 598 records from Observations du Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien.. 2 records from Ibaraki Nature Museum, Vascular Plants collection. 16 records from VIT Herbarium - Vascular Plants (The Natural History Museum of Alava). 2138 records from Flora von Deutschland (Phanerogamen). 1 records from Perchtoldsdorfer Heide. 4 records from Inventaire de la flore de Lot-et-Garonne 2014. 1 records from ACT BioBlitz. 46 records from TAXA - Flore et habitats naturels de Franche-Comté. 1 records from Digitization of plant specimens from Rhoen and Vogelsberg (FULD). 4 records from HUCS - Herbário da Universidade de Caxias do Sul. 10 records from Royal Ontario Museum Green Plant Herbarium (TRT). 95 records from NMNH Extant Specimen Records. 3 records from Bioimages. 1 records from Schlern - (Bozen). 1 records from Données naturalistes de Cyril EPICOCO. 3 records from SJSU - Carl W. Sharsmith Herbarium, San Jose State University. 1 records from SCFS - Sagehen Herbarium. 77 records from University of New Mexico Herbarium. 4 records from Herbarium specimens, Harmas J.H. Fabre (FABR - Sérignan-du-Comtat) of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN - Paris). 2 records from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew - Herbarium Specimens. 65 records from Artportalen (Swedish Species Observation System). 51 records from CAS Botany (BOT). 771 records from FloraCAT: Banco de datos de los cormófitos de Cataluña. 6 records from Wikiplantbase #Liguria. 448 records from Observations floristiques issues de la base de données du Conservatoire botanique national alpin. 11 records from Geneva Herbarium – De Candolle's Prodromus (G-DC). 160 records from Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL) - Botany. 1 records from LTB AVH data. 10 records from Herbarium of University of Coimbra (COI ). 1 records from Herbier G. Garapin (BOUM). 12 records from Données Herbiers de l'Université de Strasbourg. 25 records from Données acquises dans le cadre de l'activité du bureau d'étude BIOTOPE (1994 - 2013). 1 records from Plant specimens depodited in Osaka Museum of Natural History, Japan. 23 records from Wikiplantbase #Toscana. 1 records from Aktion der Klasse H2 in Simmelsberg. 10 records from Aranzadi Zientzi Elkartea. 1 records from Living Prairie Museum Manitoba Herbarium (LPMMBH). 168 records from Oklahoma Vascular Plants Database Provider. 4 records from Inventaire de la flore de Lot-et-Garonne 2017. 6 records from RB - Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Herbarium Collection. 1060 records from Occurrence Data of Vascular Plants collected or compiled for the Flora of Bavaria. 2 records from Relevés floristiques du protocole de l'Inventaire National Forestier de l'IGN. 58 records from Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN) survey. 2 records from Données Vigie-Flore. 1 records from BUND - Dassower See (Lübeck/Dassow). 4 records from Vascular Plant Specimen database of Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History. 10 records from Herbario de la Universidad de Sevilla. 3 records from Inventaire de la flore de Lot-et-Garonne 2018. 190 records from Tropicos Specimen Data. 6 records from Naturhistorisches Museum Mainz, Feldbeobachtungsdaten Pflanzen. 3 records from Bruce Bennett Herbarium (BABY). 2916 records from INPN - Données flore des CBN agrégées par la FCBN. 13 records from A grid-based database on vascular plant distribution in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. 20 records from Pittsburg State University, Theodore M. Sperry Herbarium. 17 records from Rutgers University, Chrysler Herbarium. 19 records from International Barcode of Life project (iBOL). 4 records from Database of Vascular Plants of Himalaya. 1 records from DBG Tissue and DNA Bank. 1 records from Vegetation data from protected areas in Denmark (§ 3 in the Danish Nature Protection Act). 1 records from vegoek. 2 records from PAMP-tracheo: Vascular plants in Ribera Occidental de Navarra (Spain). PhD project, L. Garde. 3 records from Herbarium specimens of Jardins botaniques and Conservatoire Botanique of Nancy (NCY). 1 records from A grid-based database on vascular plant distribution in Udomlya District of Tver Oblast, Russia. 13 records from Données naturalistes d'Olivier ESCUDER. 17 records from Collections and observation data National Museum of Natural History Luxembourg. 2 records from CZE National PGR Inventory. 1 records from inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn. 5 records from Finnish Floristic Database (Åbo Akademi University Collections). 105 records from Données d'occurrences Espèces issues de l'inventaire des ZNIEFF. 32 records from Natural History Museum, Vienna - Herbarium W. 3 records from Finnish Floristic Database (Finnish Museum of Natural History Collections). 38 records from CANB AVH data. 1 records from The Vascular Plants Collection of the University of Goettingen. 1 records from Gemeinde Sursee. 1 records from Manchester Museum, University of Manchester, Botany Collection. 13 records from Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 7 records from Données naturalistes flore et fonge du Conservatoire des espaces naturels Auvergne saisies avant le 18 février 2019.. 13 records from Atlas des plantes vasculaires de Lorraine. 3 records from Inventaire de la flore de Lot-et-Garonne 2013. 77 records from Floristic Databases of Mecklenburg-Pomerania - Higher Plants. 1 records from RNF - Données du Conservatoire d'espaces naturel Limousin. 1 records from Inventaire de la flore de Gironde 2018. 1 records from Botanical Research Intitute of Texas. 2 records from Herbario de Universidad de Murcia: MUB. 6 records from EURISCO, The European Genetic Resources Search Catalogue. 26 records from NSW AVH data. 112 records from Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium. 41 records from Herbario de Plantas Vasculares de la Universidad de Salamanca: SALA. 15 records from Données ONF faune-flore-fonge. 245 records from Moscow University Herbarium (MW). 3 records from MISS_DC_01MAR2006. 2 records from Inventaire de la flore du PNRLG 2017 (Landes). 165 records from The New York Botanical Garden Herbarium (NY). 46 records from Base de datos de plantas vasculares del País Vasco: ARAN-EH. 1 records from Bernice P. Bishop Museum. 85 records from UCR - University of California, Riverside Herbarium - Vascular Plants. 7 records from Geneva Herbarium – General Collection (G). 1 records from NE AVH data. 3 records from Central Siberian Botanical Garden Herbarium (NS, NSK). 4 records from Données acquises via le réseau du Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien. 60 records from Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium (WTU). 1 records from Deponie Klausdorf. 2 records from Fungus Collections at Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe (Herbarium KR). 7 records from Données naturalistes de GAULTIER Cyrille. 9 records from Inventaire de la flore de Charente-Maritime 2012. 1 records from Vascular plants in Denmark recorded under the The Nationwide Monitoring and Assessment Programme for the Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments (NOVANA). 25 records from Olga Lakela Herbarium, University of Minnesota Duluth. 1 records from Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Maine-et-Loire. 44 records from Observations.be - Non-native species occurrences in Wallonia, Belgium. 1 records from Biosphärenpark Wienerwald - Wiener Steinhofgründe. 2 records from Jeu de données convention Eurovia-SPN-2012-2016. 1 records from University of Graz, Institute of Plant Sciences - Herbarium GZU. 18 records from Biologiezentrum Linz. 1 records from Vascular plant herbarium, Tromsø Museum. 34 records from MPM Milwaukee Public Museum Herbarium. 1 records from Inventaire de la flore des Landes 2016. 2 records from PAMP-tracheo: Vascular plants in the municipality of Falces (Navarra, Spain). Undergraduate thesis, P. García-Iribarren. 4 records from Inventaire de la flore de Dordogne 2018. 77 records from University of Michigan Herbarium. 1 records from Botanical Garden Collection. 1 records from Umgebung der Grundschule Oderberg. 18 records from University of Lethbridge Herbarium (LEA). 1 records from BHCB - Herbário da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. 2 records from SDSU - San Diego State University Herbarium. 1 records from Données espèces - Expertise IQE 30. 35 records from Montana State University - Billings. 1 records from The AAU Herbarium Database. 4 records from Royal Botanical Gardens Herbarium. 1 records from Garten J. Scherrer (Lachen-Speyerdorf). 1 records from Données espèces - Expertise IQE 119. 33 records from The Himalayan Uplands Plant database (HUP Version 1). 47 records from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Herbarium (E). 5 records from Inventaire de la flore de Dordogne 2015. 50 records from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Herbarium. 13 records from Herbier Louis-Marie (QFA) - Collection de plantes vasculaires. 34 records from CSIC-Real Jardín Botánico-Colección de Plantas Vasculares (MA). 1 records from Erlengraben/Lipp-Tal (Östringen). 1 records from Sudeniederung (Amt Neuhaus). 71 records from Royal BC Museum - Herbarium (V). 24 records from SysTax - Botanical Gardens. 48 records from Vascular Plant Collection. 34 records from DAV - UC Davis Herbarium. 22 records from Herbier du Québec (QUE) - Collection de plantes vasculaires. 1 records from Données naturalistes de AMBEC Nils. 1 records from IAC - Herbário do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas. 1 records from Exkursion Ebertsheimer/Grünstädter Berg. 20 records from Eastern Kentucky University, Ronald L. Jones Herbarium. 3 records from Universität Salzburg. 93 records from United Herbaria of the University and ETH Zurich. 40 records from Lund Botanical Museum (LD). 32 records from CONN. 17 records from Observations faune et flore du Parc national des Écrins. 2 records from Natural History Museum (London) Collection Specimens. 1 records from Ried und Sand - Artenvielfalt durch Beweidung. 2 records from Description of vegetation plots with Iris aphylla L. in European Russia. 4 records from SFV - California State University, Northridge. 1 records from Nijmegen Natural History Museum (NL) - Herbarium. 5 records from TUL Herbarium: Tula Oblast collections of vascular plants. 4 records from Urban flora of Kostanay region (Republic of Kazakhstan). 11 records from IBF Monitoring of Vascular Plants. 29 records from Canberra Nature Map. 1 records from Herbarium BSG Vascular Plants. 9 records from Flore de Franche-Comté. 13 records from Deer Creek Riparian Restoration Ecological Monitoring. 1 records from Schulgarten Huttenheim (Philippsburg/Baden). 987 records from Flore du Bassin parisien (CBNBP). 733 records from Banco de Datos de la Biodiversidad de la Comunitat Valenciana. 19 records from LSU Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium at Louisiana State University - Vascular Plants. 4 records from Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Herbarium. 2 records from Universidad de Barcelona (Facultad de Biología): Plantas vasculares del valle de Son del Pi y áreas colindantes. 3 records from Universidad del Paí­s Vasco/EHU, Bilbao: Herbario BIO. 2 records from BODATSA: Botanical Collections. 266 records from BLM - National Landscape Monitoring Framework - Plants. 1 records from Collection botanique Jaubert et Saul (BOUM). 14 records from University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium (ALTA-VP). 5 records from Herbario Gaspar Xuarez (BAA) - Facultad de Agronomía - Universidad de Buenos Aires. 4 records from Inventaire de la flore de Lot-et-Garonne 2015. 5 records from Herbarium of Namur. 16 records from Masaryk University - Herbarium BRNU. 48 records from Colorado State University Herbarium. 2 records from Collection botanique Le Grand A. (BOUM). 1137 records from Observations floristiques - plateforme SINP régionale SILENE PACA. 162 records from Bell Museum plants. 1 records from Faberpark (Nürnberg/Stein). 25 records from CeDoc de Biodiversitat Vegetal: BCN-Cormophyta. 3 records from Segetal flora of Italy. 2 records from Atlas Flora Danica. 1 records from Herbario de la Universidad de Almería. 3 records from Herbarium Erlangense. 3 records from flora&fauna(NIBR)2019. 9 records from Dutch Vegetation Database. 1 records from Inventaire permanent de la flore du massif armoricain. 96 records from Phanerogamic Botanical Collections (S). 1 records from Inventaire de la flore de Gironde 2014. 311 records from naturgucker. 7 records from Flora-On: occurrence data of the flora of mainland Portugal. 13 records from Herbier de Strasbourg. 1 records from OUPR - Herbário "Professor José Badini". 4126 records from iNaturalist Research-grade Observations. 28 records from Black Hills State University Herbarium. 27 records from Colección de Asterales del Museo Botánico CORD. 1 records from GEO-Hauptveranstaltung (Duisburg). 37 records from Desert Botanical Garden Herbarium. 18 records from RNF - Données de la Fédération des Réserves Catalanes. 4 records from NSW South Coast & ACT plants. 28 records from MHA Herbarium: Eastern European collections of vascular plants. 1 records from Herbario Museo de La Salle Bogotá (BOG). 1 records from PERTH AVH data. 1 records from Clémence Lortet herbarium. 8 records from Appalachian State University, I. W. Carpenter, Jr. Herbarium. 6 records from Botany Division, Yale Peabody Museum. 3 records from Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA. 256 records from Pl@ntNet observations. 6 records from Wikiplantbase #Italia. 1 records from 500,000 plant Specimens from PE Herbarium in China from 1950 to 1999. 23 records from Locations of plants on dot distribution maps in the Flora of Siberia (Flora Sibiraea, 1987–1997). 13 records from SANT Herbarium vascular plants collection. 3 records from Flora regional y otros Países, Museo Municipal de Historia Natural de San Rafael. 2018. 1 records from Données naturalistes de Pascal AMBLARD. 5 records from UAM Herbarium (ALA), Vascular Plant Collection (Arctos). 17 records from Harvard University Herbaria: All Records. 1 records from Ökologischer Weinberg (Guntersblum). 2 records from HO AVH data. 66 records from Colección de plantas vasculares del herbario de la Universitat de València (VAL). 1 records from Registros biológicos en áreas protegidas obtenidos de documentos impresos. 1 records from Wikiplantbase #Sardegna. 8 records from Flora d'Andorra. 20 records from Catálogo Florístico Histórico de Navarra. Gobierno de Navarra. 6 records from Universidad de Navarra, Herbarium: PAMP-Vascular Plants. 5 records from Natural History Museum Rotterdam - Specimens. 12 records from University of South Carolina, A. C. Moore Herbarium. 1 records from Vascular plants from European Russia in the CSBG SB RAS Digital herbarium. 32 records from Intermountain Herbarium (Vascular plants & algae). 2 records from HUEFS - Herbario da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. 291 records from The vascular plants collection (P) at the Herbarium of the Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN - Paris). 1 records from Artenvielfalt am Schlern. 1 records from UCSB - University of California Santa Barbara Herbarium. 1 records from MGC Herbarium of University of Malaga (Spain): MGC-Cormof dataset. 3 records from SP - Herbário do Estado "Maria Eneyda P. Kaufmann Fidalgo" - Coleção de Fanerógamas. 19 records from Field Museum of Natural History (Botany) Seed Plant Collection. 12 records from Herbario HSS Finca La Orden-Valdesequera (CICYTEX). Gobierno de Extremadura. 1 records from Flora exsiccata Bavarica. 49 records from Flora of the Volga River basin. 10 records from United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection. 1 records from Gunma Museum of Natural History, Vascular Plant Specimen. 6 records from Precis Plant Data. 2 records from flora & fauna(NIBR). 1 records from UCSC - Kenneth S. Norris Center for Natural History, University of California Santa Cruz, Herbarium. 3 records from University of South Florida Herbarium (USF). 18 records from Geographically tagged INSDC sequences. 65 records from Institut Botanic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), BC-Plantae. 27 records from Virtual Herbarium ALTB (South-Siberian Botanical Garden). 2 records from The Erysiphales Collection at the Botanische Staatssammlung München. 1 records from Inventaire de la flore de Gironde 2015. 136 records from Herbarium Willing at Herbarium Berolinense, Berlin (B). 55 records from Biodiversitätsdatenbank des Landes Salzburg. 3 records from Marion Agnes Ayre Herbarium (NFLD). 17 records from Central Michigan University. 15 records from PRECIS. 5 records from Herbarium Senckenbergianum (FR). 3 records from MBM - Herbário do Museu Botânico Municipal. 2 records from RNF - Association Loiret Nature Environnement. 31 records from Colección de plantas vasculares del Herbario de la Universidad de Granada.. 1 records from CeDoc de Biodiversitat Vegetal: BCN-Seeds. 1 records from Flore de l'Ain. 4 records from The Fungal Collection at the Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz. 85 records from Carnet en Ligne. 2 records from Inventaire de la flore de Bordeaux Métropole 2013. 34 records from CHSC - CSU Chico, Chico State Herbarium - Vascular Plants. 1 records from ArtenFinder. 4 records from Michigan State University Herbarium Vascular Plants. 6 records from Berea College, Ralph L. Thompson Herbarium. 12 records from MEL AVH data. 1 records from Inventaire de la flore de Charente-Maritime 2013. 15 records from Herbario de la Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (MAF). 1 records from University of California Museum of Paleontology. 9 records from Inventaire de la flore de Dordogne 2016. 1 records from Western Carolina University Herbarium. 3 records from Allan Herbarium (CHR). 3 records from Spécimens d'herbiers de G. Fenoul (FEN). 25 records from Plant Resources Center. 16 records from University of Vermont, Pringle Herbarium. 1 records from Weed plants of the European part of Russia. 96 records from University of British Columbia Herbarium (UBC) - Vascular Plant Collection. 1 records from Colección del Banco de Germoplasma de la Universitat de València. 1 records from Données d'occurrence Espèces issues de la base Natura 2000 : espèces d'intérêt communautaire et autres espèces remarquables renseignées dans les FSD. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.