GBIF Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 5942602 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: TaxonKey: Plantae Country: Brazil BasisOfRecord: Specimen. The dataset includes 5942602 records from 324 constituent datasets: 58 records from Marie-Victorin Herbarium (MT) - Plantes vasculaires. 5010 records from...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Occdownload Gbif.Org
Format: Dataset
Language:unknown
Published: The Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2017
Subjects:
Online Access:https://dx.doi.org/10.15468/dl.sfrqjy
http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/download/0087847-160910150852091
Description
Summary:A dataset containing 5942602 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: TaxonKey: Plantae Country: Brazil BasisOfRecord: Specimen. The dataset includes 5942602 records from 324 constituent datasets: 58 records from Marie-Victorin Herbarium (MT) - Plantes vasculaires. 5010 records from SPFw - Xiloteca do Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. 12383 records from JOI - Herbário Joinvillea. 1 records from University of Calgary Herbarium. 41 records from ISE - Herbário ISE. 755 records from University of British Columbia Herbarium (UBC) - Vascular Plant Collection. 23810 records from HUEM - Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. 69938 records from HUFU - Herbarium Uberlandense. 25953 records from Phanerogamic Botanical Collections (S). 2908 records from University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU. 17439 records from UFG - Herbário da Universidade Federal de Goiás. 6635 records from MFS - Herbário Profª. Drª. Marlene Freitas da Silva. 4181 records from DVPR - Herbário da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Dois Vizinhos. 46833 records from IAC - Herbário do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas. 49654 records from FLOR - Herbário do Departamento de Botânica da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. 1056 records from HTSA-Carpoteca - Carpoteca do Trópico Semiárido. 118156 records from Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL) - Botany. 1181 records from BOTUw - Xiloteca "Profa. Dra. Maria Aparecida Mourão Brasil". 17 records from Herbarium Senckenbergianum (GLM) - Lichenes. 48975 records from SPSF - Herbário Dom Bento José Pickel. 138235 records from SP - Herbário do Estado "Maria Eneyda P. Kaufmann Fidalgo" - Coleção de Fanerógamas. 305 records from PRECIS. 3017 records from Herbario Nacional Colombiano (COL). 4688 records from Funed-Pol - Coleção de lâminas de grãos de pólen. 1 records from Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL) - Pisces. 5506 records from HUCO - Herbário da Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste. 107 records from UTEP Plants (Arctos). 73355 records from SPF - Herbário da Universidade de São Paulo. 575 records from SANT Herbarium vascular plants collection. 1 records from Begonia jaguarensis L. Kollmann, R. S. Lopes & Peixoto (Begoniaceae), a new species from North of Espírito Santo State, Brazil. 48063 records from UFP - Herbário UFP - Geraldo Mariz. 50 records from Colección Herbario Federico Medem Bogotá - FMB. 9611 records from SJRP-Bryophyta - Herbário de Bryophyta de São José do Rio Preto. 7671 records from HERBAM - Herbário da Amazônia Meridional. 14 records from Herbario Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. 109074 records from ICN - Herbário do Instituto de Ciências Naturais. 1 records from IICT Herbário LISC. 5083 records from URM - Herbário Pe. Camille Torrand. 19 records from University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium (ALTA-VP). 108 records from A Distribution and Taxonomic Reference Dataset of Geranium (Geraniaceae) in the New World. 312 records from La colección briológica del Herbario Nacional (MEXU). Actualización 2000. 125 records from Depuración de la colección y base de datos del Herbario CICY. Fase IV. 4659 records from SMDB - Santa Maria Departamento de Biologia. 214813 records from HUEFS - Herbario da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. 11 records from Revalidation of Platystigma Kennedy, 1920, with a synopsis of the quadratum species group and the description of three new species (Odonata: Pseudostigmatidae). 8782 records from HBRA - Herbário do Instituto de Estudos Costeiros da Universidade Federal do Pará. 49809 records from CESJ - Herbário Leopoldo Krieger. 14028 records from OUPR - Herbário "Professor José Badini". 869 records from HAS-Algae - Coleção Ficológica do HAS. 17 records from Inventario florístico y base de datos de la familia Cucurbitaceae en México. 11390 records from HAMAB - Herbário Amapaense. 5 records from CUMV Fish Collection (Arctos). 57 records from Plant Specimen Database of Tama Forest Science Garden, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Japan. 6 records from UAM Herbarium (ALA), Cryptogam Collection (Arctos). 11 records from Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN). Paleobotany National Collection (BAPb).. 150 records from Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN). Cryptogamic National Collection (BAc). 214062 records from MBM - Herbário do Museu Botânico Municipal. 218321 records from Herbarium - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). 1 records from Herbario Museo de La Salle Bogotá (MLS). 9005 records from HUFSJ - Herbário da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei. 53 records from Gothenburg Herbarium - Types (GBIF:IH:GB:Herbarium). 100 records from Algae (S). 1 records from OHN. 1 records from Bolivian Mimosa (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae): three new species and a species checklist. 608796 records from RB - Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Herbarium Collection. 6390 records from FCAB - Herbário Friburguense. 6 records from Tallinn Botanic Garden. 3886 records from Australia's Virtual Herbarium. 36962 records from VIES - Herbário Central da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. 8 records from Vascular Plant Herbarium, UiB. 22 records from Kathryn Kalmbach Herbarium. 147 records from University of British Columbia Herbarium (UBC) - Bryophytes Collection. 3 records from Natural History Museum Maastricht (NL) - Herbarium. 204 records from CONN. 30853 records from HUCS - Herbário da Universidade de Caxias do Sul. 15 records from H.A. Stephens Herbarium. 319 records from HTSAw - Xiloteca do Trópico Semiárido. 19 records from Flora of Japan Specimen Database. 12 records from Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN). Paleopalynology National Collection (BAPal). 1 records from University of Lethbridge Herbarium (LEA). 9 records from LSU Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium at Louisiana State University - Vascular Plants. 40 records from Estonian Museum of Natural History. 418 records from Catálogo electrónico de especímenes depositados en el Herbario de la Universidad de Texas en Austin, Fase IV. 19 records from University of California Museum of Paleontology. 6885 records from HFSL - Herbário Dr. Ary Tupinambá Penna Pinheiro. 96650 records from ALCB - Herbário Alexandre Leal Costa. 6407 records from HUSC - Herbário Unisanta. 8776 records from HPBR - Herbário Padre Balduino Rambo. 1 records from Estonian University of Life Sciences. 10 records from The Diatom Collection of Franz Josef Weinzierl at the Botanische Staatssammlung München. 30 records from Fungus Collections at Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe (Herbarium KR). 4993 records from Geneva Herbarium – De Candolle's Prodromus (G-DC). 203 records from Herbarium specimens of Société des Sciences Naturelles et Mathématiques de Cherbourg (CHE). 5745 records from NX - Herbário Nova Xavantina. 148 records from Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN). Cryptogamic National Collection (BAc).. 8282 records from LUSC - Herbário de Lages da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina. 155 records from Bryophyte herbarium, NTNU University Museum. 1 records from Illinois Natural History Survey Insect Collection. 315 records from Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN). Vascular Plants National Collection (BAv).. 25797 records from VIC - Herbário da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. 322 records from Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN). Vascular Plants National Collection (BAv). 170 records from Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN). Actuopalynology National Collection (BAPa).. 3275 records from R-Criptogamos - Herbário do Museu Nacional - Criptogamos. 502 records from Registros biológicos del género Piper en el herbario HUA. 7 records from Colección de plantas vasculares del Herbario "Jaime Andrés Rodríguez". LEB. 6410 records from Field Museum of Natural History (Botany) - Historical Photographs of Type Specimens from Berlin (B). 23334 records from SPF-Algae - Herbário da Universidade de São Paulo - Coleção de Algas. 11273 records from EFC - Herbário Escola de Florestas Curitiba. 35637 records from ASE - Herbário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. 2 records from New records of the larval forms Cerataspis monstrosa and Amphionides reynaudii (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the western tropical Atlantic. 164122 records from UEC - Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. 11 records from Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN). Paleobotany National Collection (BAPb). 52937 records from FUEL - Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. 14 records from ICN - Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 7866 records from HJ - Herbario Jataiense Prof. Germano Guarim Neto. 7496 records from EAFM - Herbário do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas. 512 records from Herbaria of the University and ETH Zürich. 7 records from Colección de plantas vasculares del Herbario "Jaime Andrés Rodríguez". LEB. 3 records from Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum. 3 records from The Fungal Collection at the Botanische Staatssammlung München. 5408 records from The Vascular Plant Collection at the Botanische Staatssammlung München. 2 records from The Vascular Plant Collection at the Herbarium MSB, Universität München. 1 records from The Lichen Collection at the Botanische Staatssammlung München. 122 records from Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Biología, Acalypha. 215065 records from Tropicos Specimen Data. 12 records from Botanical Research Intitute of Texas. 13247 records from Natural History Museum (London) Collection Specimens. 6 records from Clitellata - SMF. 24281 records from Natural History Museum, Vienna - Herbarium W. 59 records from Computarización de la xiloteca Dr. Faustino Miranda del Instituto de Ecología, AC. 3 records from Estudio sistemático y ecológico del género Tigridia (Iridaceae). 366 records from Computarización del Herbario ENCB, IPN. Fase IV. Base de datos de la familia Pinaceae y de distintas familias de la clase Magnoliopsida depositadas en el Herbario de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN. 1186 records from Karl Franzens University of Graz, Insitute for Botany - Herbarium GZU. 84 records from Base de datos para la xiloteca del Instituto de Biología de la UNAM. 134108 records from NMNH Extant Specimen Records. 168 records from CEPEC-Fungi - Coleção Micológica do CEPEC. 57 records from Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program. 9 records from ANTARCTIC PLANT DATABASE. 7 records from Australian Antarctic Division Herbarium. 10 records from Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium. 4 records from Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium (WTU). 1750 records from Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format. 191 records from The AAU Herbarium Database. 2 records from Real Jardin Botanico, Madrid: MA-Algae. 626 records from Real Jardin Botanico, Madrid: MA-Musci. 68 records from Real Jardin Botanico, Madrid: MA-Hepat. 1268 records from Colección de plantas vasculares del herbario de la Universitat de València (VAL).. 399 records from Herbario de Plantas Vasculares de la Universidad de Salamanca: SALA. 6202 records from Real Jardín Botánico (Madrid), Vascular Plant Herbarium (MA). 572 records from Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO. 4 records from Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA. 177 records from Aranzadi Zientzi Elkartea. 3 records from CIBIO, Alicante:ABH-GBIF. 722 records from Herbarium of Vascular Plants Collection of the University of Extremadura (Spain). 12 records from Real Jardin Botanico, Madrid: MA-Funhist. 283 records from Herbario de la Universidad de Sevilla. 584 records from Institut Botanic de Barcelona, BC. 951 records from Benthic biodiversity along the central coast in the Brazilian EEZ (OBIS South America, BRAZIL) (OBIS South America, BRAZIL). 608 records from martius-munchen-infocomp. 7 records from DAO Herbarium Type Specimens. 70 records from herbario. 1 records from Algae Collection of National Museum of Nature and Science. 4776 records from Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium. 764 records from DAV UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity. 499 records from Herbarium (UNA). 79 records from MEXU/Plantas Vasculares. 1663 records from Actualización de las bases de datos del Herbario XAL. Fase III. 3 records from Invertebrate Zoology Division, Yale Peabody Museum. 5 records from Algaterra Types. 1 records from Bridel Herbar. 601 records from Desmidiaceae Engels. 315 records from Desmidiaceae Mollenhauer. 7763 records from Herbarium Berolinense. 76 records from Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Herbarium. 3 records from The Erysiphales Collection at the Botanische Staatssammlung München. 1 records from The Erysiphales Collection at the University Halle-Wittenberg. 5637 records from Harvard University Herbaria. 2 records from Herpetology. 1849 records from EURISCO, The European Genetic Resources Search Catalogue. 2 records from Two new genera and two new species of eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from North Bengal, India. 31 records from Herbarium Specimens of Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. 15639 records from CVRD - Herbário da Reserva Natural Vale. 78 records from Plant specimens depodited in Osaka Museum of Natural History, Japan.. 7124 records from MAR - Herbário do Maranhão. 4 records from DNA and Tissue Bank of the Natural History Museum of Denmark. 15 records from Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL) - Aves. 32 records from Universitat de València, Colecciones de Criptógamas: VAL_Briof. 150 records from Field Museum of Natural History (Botany) Bryophyte Collection. 72 records from USF Herbarium. 3851 records from HPAN - Herbário do Pantanal "Vali Joana Pott". 23 records from Herbarium of Namur. 289 records from National Botanic Garden Belgium - Martius. 10 records from Natural History Museum, University of Tartu. 12 records from Computarización del Herbario ENCB. Fase II. Base de datos de los ejemplares de la familia Burseraceae y Nyctaginaceae y base de datos digitalizada de los ejemplares tipo de plantas vasculares del Herbario de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. 106 records from University of British Columbia Herbarium (UBC) - Algae Collection. 15 records from Herbarium of Umeå University (UME). 3481 records from Mosses (S). 99049 records from Field Museum of Natural History (Botany) Seed Plant Collection. 101754 records from MBML-Herbario - Herbário Mello Leitão. 501 records from MPM Milwaukee Public Museum Herbarium. 2147 records from RBspirit - Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden fluid-preserved specimens.. 26204 records from BOTU - Herbário Irina Delanova Gemtchújnicov. 75 records from R. L. McGregor Herbarium Vascular Plants Collection. 6487 records from Colección de plantas vasculares de Brasil del Herbario "Jaime Andrés Rodríguez". LEB-Brasil. 334 records from MGC Herbarium of University of Malaga (Spain): MGC-Cormof dataset. 48 records from MGC Herbarium of University of Malaga (Spain): MGC-Algae dataset. 2 records from Biological and palaeontological collection and observation data MNHNL. 3275 records from Sukkulentensammlung Zürich. 21 records from Botany Division, Yale Peabody Museum. 6270 records from HUTO - Herbário da Universidade de Tocantins. 869 records from Herbarium Senckenbergianum (FR). 3 records from Collection Aves (bird skeletons) SMF. 419 records from Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO-Briof. 6 records from MGC Herbarium of University of Malaga (Spain): MGC-Briof dataset. 4 records from University of Ghana - Ghana Herbarium. 197 records from Herbario Amazónico Colombiano. 8 records from Banco de datos florísticos del Herbario CHAP. 1 records from Precis Plant Data. 252 records from VIT Herbarium - Vascular Plants (The Natural History Museum of Alava). 3778 records from Field Museum of Natural History (Botany) Pteridophyte Collection. 30983 records from MAC - Herbário do Instituto do Meio Ambiente do Estado de Alagoas. 4 records from A conspectus of the native and naturalized species of Nephrolepis (Nephrolepidaceae) in the world. 73912 records from UPCB - Herbário do Departamento de Botânica. 1458 records from HUCPE - Herbário da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco. 14985 records from HURB - Herbário do Recôncavo da Bahia. 753 records from Lund Botanical Museum (LD). 2 records from The Vascular Plant Collection at the Herbarium Tubingense. 140 records from Herbario CTES Plantas Vasculares. 5049 records from HVAT - Herbário do Vale do Taquari. 6546 records from HCDAL - Herbário Caririense Dárdano de Andrade-Lima. 13936 records from TEPB - Herbário Graziela Barroso. 6297 records from HTSA - Herbário do Trópico Semiárido. 23212 records from HVASF - Herbário Vale do São Francisco. 21474 records from HST - Herbário Sérgio Tavares. 923 records from Colección de Herbario. 6270 records from R-Tipos - Herbário do Museu Nacional - Tipos. 154843 records from The vascular plants collection (P) at the Herbarium of the Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN - Paris). 29 records from Los musgos de México. 5 records from NU: KwaZulu-Natal Invasive Alien Species (1821-2011). 970 records from SJRP-Algae - Herbário de algas de São José do Rio Preto. 811 records from University of Florida Herbarium (FLAS). 519 records from Bernice P. Bishop Museum. 50688 records from FURB - Herbário Dr. Roberto Miguel Klein. 8862 records from CRI - Herbário Pe. Dr. Raulino Reitz. 5406 records from HUEG - Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Goiás. 117886 records from CEPEC - Herbário do Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau. 14909 records from PACA-Bryophytes - Herbarium Anchieta - Aloysio Sehnem. 15 records from Colección del Herbario PSO de la Universidad de Nariño. 15056 records from UFACPZ - Herbário da Universidade Federal do Acre. 10957 records from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Herbarium (E). 8 records from Michigan State University Herbarium Vascular Plants. 2281 records from Botany (UPS). 3641 records from CNMT - Herbário Centro Norte Mato Grossense. 502 records from Type herbarium, Göttingen (GOET). 26899 records from HAS - Herbário Alarich Rudolf Holger Schultz. 53249 records from JPB - Herbário Lauro Pires Xavier. 57964 records from EAC - Herbário Prisco Bezerra. 4133 records from Herbarium specimens of Université de Montpellier 2, Institut de Botanique (MPU)). 117176 records from ESA - Herbário da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz. 1400 records from Bryophyte herbarium, Göttingen (GOET). 34633 records from R - Herbário do Museu Nacional. 143044 records from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew - Herbarium Specimens. 11798 records from HUESB - Herbário da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. 17450 records from MPUC - Herbário do Museu da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. 98668 records from BHCB - Herbário da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. 346712 records from The New York Botanical Garden Herbarium (NY) - Vascular Plant Collection. 1 records from Código de barras genético de cinco grupos críticos de la flora de México. 10 records from Wilson Botanical Garden - Las Cruces Biological Station. 3858 records from SLUI - Herbário Rosa Mochel. 169602 records from UB - Herbário da Universidade de Brasília. 29 records from Green Plant Herbarium (TRT). 28221 records from PEUFR - Herbário Professor Vasconcelos Sobrinho. 22698 records from HCF - Herbário da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Campus Campo Mourão. 1288 records from Gothenburg Herbarium - General (GBIF:IH:GB:Herbarium). 1 records from Herbarium specimens of Herbiers Universitaires de Clermont-Ferrand (CLF). 70 records from Allan Herbarium (CHR). 9388 records from IRAI - Herbário do Parque da Ciência Newton Freire Maia. 2922 records from SORO - Herbário do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias para a Sustentabilidade. 13596 records from HPL - Herbário do Jardim Botânico Plantarum. 85895 records from CEN - Herbário da Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. 170 records from Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN). Actuopalynology National Collection (BAPa). 955 records from Orchid Herbarium Collection. 2670 records from Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo (O). 8 records from The Bergius Herbarium. 19 records from Herbarium specimens of Jardins botaniques and Conservatoire Botanique of Nancy (NCY). 4 records from Propuesta para sistematizar la colección palinológica de polen reciente y fósil del IGLUNAM. 3343 records from HDJF - Herbário Dendrológico Jeanine Felfili. 9 records from Fundación Miguel Lillo - Colección Fanerogámica. 18 records from Moss herbarium, UiB. 47225 records from CGMS - Herbário da Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. 333 records from Herbarium Erlangense. 22968 records from SP-Algae - Herbário do Estado "Maria Eneyda P. Kaufmann Fidalgo - Coleção de Algas. 42810 records from BHCB-SL - Herbário UFMG - Samambaias e Licófitas. 12 records from Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN). Paleopalynology National Collection (BAPal).. 7016 records from EAN - Herbário Jaime Coelho de Moraes. 2 records from Actualización de las bases de datos de colecciones, especies en peligro de extinción, colecta y propagación de germoplasma. 55004 records from SP-Bryophyta - Maria Eneyda P. Kauffman Fidalgo. 9 records from Marie-Victorin Herbarium (MT) - Bryophytes. 351 records from Fundación Miguel Lillo - Colección Criptogámica. 5747 records from SysTax - Herbaria. 73591 records from IPA - Herbário - IPA Dárdano de Andrade Lima. 11630 records from Geneva Herbarium – General Collection (G). 23798 records from Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 1 records from Algae, Specimens, Agder naturmuseum (KMN). 1075 records from JOIw - Xiloteca Joinvillea. 608 records from ENBI WP 13 Martius C. F. P. von Collection subset (Muenchen). 17523 records from SJRP - Herbário de São José do Rio Preto. 78 records from Herbarium WRSL, Main Collection. 9647 records from UFMT - Herbário UFMT. 6369 records from CAS Botany (BOT). 84 records from Publicación de la obra: American species of Acacia (Leguminosae; Mimosoideae). 16 records from PACA-Fungi - Herbarium Anchieta - Fungi Rickiani. 20111 records from CPAP - Herbário CPAP. 7 records from Algae herbarium, NTNU University Museum. 25699 records from HEPH - Herbário Ezechias Paulo Heringer. 11475 records from BHZB - Herbário do Jardim Botânico da Fundação Zoo-Botânica de Belo Horizonte. 14214 records from MOSS - Herbário Dárdano de Andrade Lima. 22738 records from HRCB - Herbário Rioclarense. 19 records from Fungi (S). 15512 records from SJRP-Pteridophyta - Herbário de Pteridophyta de São José do Rio Preto. 168403 records from PACA-AGP - Herbarium Anchieta. 5206 records from The cryptogamy collection (PC) at the Herbarium of the Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN - Paris). 454 records from SP-Fungi - Maria Eneyda Pacheco Kauffmann Fidalgo. 12756 records from UESC - Herbário Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.