Occurrence Download

A dataset containing 1619973 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Country is Portugal", { "or" : [ "GadmGid is PRT.5.2.6_1", "GadmGid is PRT.5.2.5_1", "GadmGid is PRT.5_1" ] }, "Geometry POLYGON((-7.21...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Occdownload Gbif.Org
Format: Dataset
Language:unknown
Published: The Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2021
Subjects:
Eia
Online Access:https://dx.doi.org/10.15468/dl.732b8v
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/download/0011623-210914110416597
Description
Summary:A dataset containing 1619973 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Country is Portugal", { "or" : [ "GadmGid is PRT.5.2.6_1", "GadmGid is PRT.5.2.5_1", "GadmGid is PRT.5_1" ] }, "Geometry POLYGON((-7.21733 41.11771,-7.15416 41.14105,-7.06078 41.02707,-6.85204 41.00922,-6.75728 41.04355,-6.73531 41.12869,-6.65291 41.21521,-6.54991 41.21658,-6.46614 41.25366,-6.30684 41.3649,-6.25877 41.45828,-6.1805 41.53381,-6.17775 41.59973,-6.22719 41.63132,-6.29448 41.67526,-6.37825 41.70547,-6.43867 41.69586,-6.49635 41.6684,-6.52931 41.69586,-6.52519 41.7659,-6.50734 41.84967,-6.50597 41.88675,-6.54167 41.89362,-6.52382 41.94443,-6.5966 41.987,-6.62819 41.95541,-6.73805 41.95679,-6.75316 41.99249,-6.8177 42.0076,-6.8383 41.96365,-6.88911 41.95541,-6.93718 41.96915,-6.98112 41.99249,-7.01134 41.9664,-7.0594 41.97739,-7.13768 42.00485,-7.20291 41.98151,-7.2036 41.76315,-7.25441 41.63818,-7.24892 41.50909,-7.32307 41.48438,-7.37389 41.45554,-7.44667 41.23993,-7.44667 41.19324,-7.40547 41.15479,-7.3423 41.12183,-7.21733 41.11771))", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false" ] } The dataset includes 1619973 records from 227 constituent datasets: 1550 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases - Cliff-nesting species: Breeding sites [2010-2014]. 295 records from Colección de líquenes del Herbario "Jaime Andrés Rodríguez". LEB-Lichen. 39 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: contribution to the knowledge on DNA barcodes of Iberian Plecoptera. 79 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Large and Medium-sized Mammals (transects): Complementary Studies [2010]. 7 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Ypsolopha rhinolophi sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Ypsolophidae), a new species from Portugal and France unveiled by bats. 1825 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases - Iberian Wolf (Canis lupus) [Sign surveys] [2010-2014]. 3 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Portuguese Scorpionflies (Mecoptera, Panorpidae). 585 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Fishes – Ecological Monitoring Program [2011-2017]. 160 records from EDP Foz Tua: Bivalvia – Complementary Studies [2011]. 752 records from Pl@ntNet automatically identified occurrences. 1664 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Cabrera vole (Microtus cabrerae) - Ecological Monitoring Program Baseline Studies [2011-2017]. 258 records from Dolichopodidae of Portugal - dataset 2009-2018. 152 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases – Bonneli’s Eagle prey species: Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) [2010-2014]. 17290 records from EDP Foz Tua: Terrestrial Birds, Winter (point counts) - Ecological Monitoring Program [2011-2017]. 18 records from The System-wide Information Network for Genetic Resources (SINGER). 105 records from CSIC-Real Jardín Botánico-Colección de Hongos (MA-Fungi). 336 records from Insect Collection from the Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. 1824 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases – Natural Wolf Prey (Wild Boar) [2010-2014]. 109 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Portuguese Mantises (Mantodea). 75 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Nocturnal Birds - Complementary Studies [2010]. 19 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Portuguese Earwigs (Dermaptera). 65534 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Land Birds - Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases (Sabor river valley) [2010-2014]. 9240 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Diurnal Butterflies (Lepidoptera) - Ecological Monitoring Program (2014-2017). 1700 records from A global database for the distributions of crop wild relatives. 96 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Black Wheatear (Oenanthe leucura) (transects) - Ecological Monitoring Program [2011-12]. 5100 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Bryophyte flora – Complementary Studies [2011] and Ecological Monitoring Program [2012-2015]. 23480 records from EDP Foz Tua: Bat Roosts - Ecological & Compensatory Measures Monitoring Programs [2011-2017]. 33 records from INSDC Host Organism Sequences. 193 records from Colección de plantas vasculares del Herbario "Jaime Andrés Rodríguez". LEB. 1817 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Phytobenthos – Ecological Monitoring Program [2012]. 10098 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Land Birds - Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases: complementary work sites [2010-2014]. 8 records from MAL. 17037 records from EDP Foz Tua: Bat Habitats - Ecological & Compensatory Measures Monitoring Programs [2011-2017]. 20 records from Occurrence records of rust fungi (Pucciniales) in Portugal. 2 records from Herbarium Berolinense, Berlin (B). 6 records from Universidad de Murcia, Dpto. Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Murcia: MUB-MUSCI. 150 records from Bryophyte collection of Porto Herbarium (PO). 4559 records from EDP Foz Tua: Terrestrial Birds (transects) - Ecological Monitoring Program [2009-2012]. 6 records from Lichen herbarium, Oslo (O) UiO. 2 records from Herbario de la Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona: UPNA-H. 27 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Portuguese Bats (Chiroptera). 63 records from Reptilia collection of the Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. 1707 records from Observation.org, Nature data from around the World. 55080 records from EDP Foz Tua: Terrestrial Birds, Spring (point counts) - Ecological Monitoring Program [2011-2017]. 370 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Reptiles (point counts): Complementary Studies [2010]. 21 records from University of Minnesota Insect Collection. 4920 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Lichen flora – Complementary Studies [2011] and Ecological Monitoring Program [2012-2015]. 156539 records from EOD – eBird Observation Dataset. 1386 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Terrestrial Birds (occasional observations)- Complementary Studies [2009-10]. 22 records from Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. 352 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Terrestrial Birds (point counts) Complementary Studies [2010]. 7 records from Biologiezentrum Linz. 1 records from ZFMK DORSA. 62 records from Finnish Bird Ringing and Recovery Database. 4 records from Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae). 2 records from University of Michigan Herbarium. 99 records from CSIC-Real Jardín Botánico-Colección de Líquenes (MA-Lichen). 21318 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Aquatic and Riparian Birds - Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases [2010-2014]. 1571 records from CSIC-Real Jardín Botánico-Anthos. Sistema de Información de las Plantas de España. 2152 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction Phase – Invasive Species (work fronts) [2010-2014]. 16 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Blattodea 01. 101 records from Flora Mycologica Iberica Project database. 299 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases – Natural Wolf Prey (Roe Deer) [2010-2014]. 1665 records from EDP Foz Tua: Bat Habitats - Complementary Studies [2010]. 12 records from Leiolima iberica, a new harvestman genus and species from the Iberian Peninsula (Arachnida, Opiliones, Sclerosomatidae). 2 records from Entomology at ZMUC, Natural History Musem of Denmark. 1 records from Biodiversitätsdatenbank Salzburg. 7 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Portuguese Stag beetles (Coleoptera, Lucanidae). 1 records from University of Tartu Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden Zooloogical Collections. 280 records from INSDC Sequences. 29412 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Bat Roosts - Ecological Monitoring Program (PME) (2008-2014). 372 records from Herbario ABH (Universidad de Alicante). 3 records from Fungal occurrences from the Basque Country and neighbouring areas: ARAN-Fungi. 80 records from EDP Foz Tua: Terrestrial Vertebrates Baseline_studies (EIA) [2006]. 26 records from VIT Herbarium - Vascular Plants (The Natural History Museum of Alava). 605 records from Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (MACB). 998 records from EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds. 9 records from NCSM Mollusk Collection. 94 records from EDP Foz Tua Otter (Lutra lutra) [transects] - Ecological Monitoring Program (2011-17). 8 records from EDP Foz Tua Otter (Lutra lutra) - Ecological Monitoring Program (2010-11). 53 records from Universitat de València, Colecciones de Criptógamas: VAL_Lich. 330 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Bat acoustic sampling - Compensatory Measures Program (MC1) [2013-2014]. 126 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases - Iberian Wolf [spotlight counts] - [2010-2014]. 1 records from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew - Herbarium Specimens. 12 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Portuguese Stick Insects (Phasmatodea). 248 records from EDP Foz Tua – Aquatic taxa recorded during fish sampling for population genetic analysis (Complementary Studies – Element 24) [2017]. 1 records from Sphodromantis viridis (Forskal, 1775): New for Portugal and new records of the rare and small mantids Apteromantis aptera (Fuente, 1894) and Perlamantis allibertii Guérin-Méneville, 1843 in the country (Mantodea: Mantidae and Amorphoscelidae). 792 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases: Cliff-nesting Birds, priority conservation species: Complementary Observations - [2010-2014]. 7 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Portuguese Snakeflies (Raphidioptera). 17784 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Land Birds - Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases: Maçãs and Angueira river valleys [2010-2014]. 2 records from Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL) - Botany. 227 records from Herbarium of University of Coimbra (COI ). 114 records from EDP Foz Tua: Black Wheatear (Oenanthe leucura) (Aves) - Ecological Monitoring Program [2012-2017]. 384 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Fishes – Ecological Monitoring Program [2012]. 644 records from Biodiversity4all Research-Grade Observations. 4 records from Aranzadi Zientzi Elkartea. 1 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA Barcoding reveals sexual dimorphism in Isotrias penedana Trematerra, 2013 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Chlidanotinae). 690 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Terrestrial Birds (transects) Complementary Studies [2009-10]. 1 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Depressaria infernella Corley & Buchner, a new Iberian species of the Depressaria douglasella group. 8 records from Tropicos Specimen Data. 2 records from Aranzadi Ringing Scheme (bird ring-recovery data). 14 records from Xeno-canto - Bird sounds from around the world. 1199 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Large and Medium-sized Mammals (point counts): Complementary Studies [2009-10]. 25 records from BANDAPHO, BAse de DAtos sobre Aphodiidae. 5 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA barcoding of Sialis sp. (Megaloptera) in Portugal: the missing tool to species identification. 7901 records from Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles of Portugal. 114 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Lacewings (Neuroptera) 01. 281 records from International Barcode of Life project (iBOL). 619 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Herpetology – Baseline Studies [2009]. 5 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Gluvia dorsalis (Latreille, 1817) (Solifugae). 1 records from UTEP Insects (Arctos). 10980 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Phytobenthos – Ecological Monitoring Program [2011-2015]. 1160 records from EDP Foz Tua: Bat Roosts - Baseline and Complementary Studies [2008-2010]. 554 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases - Riparian Birds, priority conservation species: fixed points & complementary observations - [2010-2014]. 19665 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Land Birds - Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases: stream weirs in the Sabor tributaries [2010-2014]. 152 records from EDP Foz Tua Large Mammals (nocturnal transects) - Ecological Monitoring Program [2011]. 8892 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Riparian Birds (transects) - Ecological Monitoring Program [2011-17]. 5 records from Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum. 180960 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Vascular Flora and Habitats – Ecological and Complementary Measures Monitoring Programs – Construction Phase II [2015-2016] and Flooding Phase [2016-2017]. 151 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases - Otter: camera-trapping - [2010-2013]. 10 records from Natural History Museum, Vienna - Herbarium W. 5 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Dipper (Cinclus cinclus) (point counts) - Ecological Monitoring Program [2013-16]. 605 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases – Otter [2010-2014]. 4360 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Vascular Flora – Complementary Studies and Baseline Year of the Ecological Monitoring Program [2011]. 100 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Cabrera vole (Microtus cabrerae) & Small Mammals - Baseline Studies [2008]. 23 records from Herbarium of Vascular Plants Collection of the University of Extremadura (Spain). 253 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Riparian Birds (point counts) Ecological Monitoring Program [2011]. 628 records from EURISCO, The European Genetic Resources Search Catalogue. 212 records from Herbario de Plantas Vasculares de la Universidad de Salamanca: SALA. 4 records from The New York Botanical Garden Herbarium (NY). 17280 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Macrophytes – Ecological Monitoring Program [2011-2015]. 12 records from Institut Botanic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), BC-Plantae. 434 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases – Cliff-nesting birds, prioritary conservation species: fixed observation points [2010-2014]. 1 records from Collection Arachnology SMF. 1 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Taxonomic notes on Portuguese Microlepidoptera II. Cochylimorpha punctiferana (Ragonot, 1881). 1074 records from EDP Foz Tua Nocturnal Birds - Ecological Monitoring Program [2011-2017]. 1531 records from EDP Foz Tua: Arthropoda – Environmental Impact Assessment [2006-2008]. 5 records from Geneva Herbarium – General Collection (G). 1 records from The French National Collection of forage and turf species (grasses and legumes).. 2 records from The mother of synonyms: on the Meotica species of the Palaearctic Region (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Oxypodini). 390 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Bat Roosts [acoustic sampling] - Ecological Monitoring Program (PME) (2012-2014). 1 records from Jardín Botánico Atlántico, Gijón: JBAG. 2834 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Small Mammals - Complementary Studies [2010] & Monitoring Ecological Program [2011]. 965 records from CSIC-Real Jardín Botánico-Colección de Plantas Vasculares (MA). 4 records from Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands, PGR passport data. 79186 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Acoustic Bat Monitoring – Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases [2008-2014]. 26 records from Lund Botanical Museum (LD). 31 records from GalliForm: Galliformes occurrence records from the Indo-Malay and Palaearctic, 1800-2008. 11 records from Natural History Museum (London) Collection Specimens. 51 records from Mammal records for Europe via the iMammalia app. 2 records from Rye, Barley, Oats Genetic Resources. N.I.Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry, St. Petersburg. 862 records from Macromycetes in Portugal Update. 18800 records from EDP Foz Tua Large Mammals (camera -trapping) - Ecological Monitoring Program [2011-2017]. 2 records from Universidad del Paí­s Vasco/EHU, Bilbao: Herbario BIO. 17 records from BV Insectarium Virtual. 2779 records from Herbário João de Carvalho e Vasconcellos, I.S.A./U.L.. 5 records from Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen - International Barcode of Life (iBOL) - Barcode of Life Project Specimen Data. 248 records from Sightings Map of Invasive Plants in Portugal. 66 records from NDFF Butterfly Data. 4 records from Herbario COFC de la Universidad de Córdoba: colección general de plantas vasculares. 1596 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases – Wolf, (Canis lupus) Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) [camera-trapping] - [2011-2014]. 31 records from CeDoc de Biodiversitat Vegetal: BCN-Cormophyta. 1 records from Herbarium GB, University of Gothenburg. 5 records from naturgucker. 21446 records from Flora-On: occurrence data of the flora of mainland Portugal. 408068 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Vascular Flora – Ecological and Complentary Measures Monitoring Programs – Contruction Phase I [2012-2014]. 100 records from EDP Foz Tua: Fish – Complementary Studies [2011]. 29986 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases – Vascular Flora and Habitats: species of conservation concern (RELAPE) - [2010-2014]. 2 records from NHMD Entomology Collection. 722 records from Bioversity Collecting Mission Database. 4113 records from iNaturalist Research-grade Observations. 271440 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases – Vascular Flora and Habitats: species from prioritary conservation habitats - [2010-2014]. 115 records from Atlas of Iberian water beetles (ESACIB database). 8848 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Birds - Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases - Vilariça Stream (MC1) [2013-2014]. 1452 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases – Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis and Dipper (Cinclus cinclus) - [2010-2014]. 74 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Diptera 03 - Further records on Portuguese Limoniidae, Pediciidae and Tipulidae. 50 records from Pl@ntNet observations. 56 records from Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA. 4 records from CSIC-Real Jardín Botánico-Colección de Musgos (MA-Musci). 14 records from SANT Herbarium vascular plants collection. 161 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases - Iberian Wolf [howling surveys] - [2010-2014]. 79 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Diptera 01. 71 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Hemiptera 01. 540 records from EDP Foz Tua: Amphibians - Complementary Studies [2009-2010]. 49 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Large and Medium-sized Mammals (occasional observations): Complementary Studies [2009-10]. 103 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA barcodes of Portuguese Diptera 02 - Limoniidae, Pediciidae and Tipulidae. 456 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases – Partridge, Rock Pigeon and Wood Pigeon [2010-2014]. 1 records from HO AVH data. 470 records from Colección de plantas vasculares del herbario de la Universitat de València (VAL). 24 records from Amphibia collection of the Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. 16 records from ZFMK Orthopteroidea collection. 4102 records from LTER Baixo Sabor: Long term monitoring of freshwater fish - Sabor watershed [2012 - 2020]. 2905 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction Phase – Vascular Flora and Habitats in the Work Fronts: species and habitats of conservation concern - [2010-2014]. 1 records from Bryophyte herbarium TRH, NTNU University Museum. 2321 records from EDP Foz Tua: Amphibians - Ecological Monitoring Program [2010-2017]. 239 records from The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: Lacewings (Neuroptera) 02. 13 records from Natural History Museum Rotterdam - Specimens. 2 records from Universidad de Navarra, Herbarium: PAMP-Vascular Plants. 1 records from AntWeb. 132 records from CeDoc de Biodiversitat Vegetal: BCN-Lich. 186 records from Herbario, Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia & Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid: MAF-Lich. 141 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Pyrenean Desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) - Ecological Monitoring Program (2011-17). 20 records from The vascular plants collection (P) at the Herbarium of the Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN - Paris). 869 records from Morano and Cardoso: AraIb. Base de datos de arañas ibéricas. 5 records from MGC Herbarium of University of Malaga (Spain): MGC-Cormof dataset. 13 records from IICT Tabanidae Collection. 16 records from Mammals housed at MHNG, Geneva. 140 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Construction and Reservoir Filling Phases - Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) & Nocturnal Birds Surveys - [2010-2014]. 2 records from Bryotropha (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Western Palaearctic. 3335 records from EDP Foz Tua - Terrestrial Vertebrates (occasional observations) - Ecological Monitoring Program [2011-17]. 169 records from Herbario HSS Finca La Orden-Valdesequera (CICYTEX). Junta de Extremadura. 14260 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata) - Ecological Monitoring Program (2011-2017). 8 records from United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection. 9 records from Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO-Briof. 1 records from Herbarium Senckenbergianum (FR). 20 records from Checklist of rust fungi (Pucciniales) occurring in Portugal. 1 records from Carnet en Ligne. 2 records from Herbario de Briófitos de la Universidad de Salamanca: SALA-Bryo. 108 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Large Mammals (camera-trapping): Complementary Studies [2010]. 5 records from Bird tracking - GPS tracking of Lesser Black-backed Gulls and Herring Gulls breeding at the southern North Sea coast. 392 records from EDP Foz-Tua: Amphibians (nocturnal transects): Ecological Monitoring Program [2012-2016]. 5140 records from EDP Foz Tua Reptiles - Ecological Monitoring Program [2011-2017]. 24 records from EDP Foz Tua Otter (Lutra lutra) - Complementary Studies [2010]. 2394 records from EDP Baixo Sabor: Phytoplankton - Ecological Monitoring Program [2016]. 10 records from Herbario de la Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (MAF). 24 records from BANDASCA, BAse de DAtos sobre SCArabaeidae. 11 records from Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.