ЧТО ТАКОЕ СКИФСКИЙ МИР?

• Main Author: ЯБЛОНСКИЙ ЛЕОНИД ТЕОДОРОВИЧ
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет» 2016
• Subjects: "ИСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ","ИСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНАЯ ОБЩНОСТЬ","СКИФО-СИБИРСКИЙ МИР","СКИФО-СИБИРСКОЕ ЕДИНСТВО","HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL AREA","HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL COMMUNITY","SCYTHIAN-SIBERIAN WORLD","SCYTHIAN-SIBERIAN UNITY"; taiga; Siberia
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/chto-takoe-skifskiy-mir; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/16938189.png

Поднимается дискуссионный вопрос о правомерности употребления понятий «скифо-сибирский мир» и «скифо-сибирское единство». Несмотря на широкое применение этих понятий в отечественной археологии, автор считает их теоретически и исторически несостоятельными, подчеркивая этнокультурную и генетическую разнородность элементов так называемого скифо-сибирского мира и невозможность в силу этого существования их «единства». In Russian ethnography and Soviet anthropology a theory of historical and cultural areas within which ethnographic communities were thought to develop was actively worked on. However, in archaeology, there is some confusion about the terms 'historical and cultural area' and 'historical and cultural community' since both are used as synonymous. Basic concepts of the early Iron Age partially build upon unproven theories and cliches. One of these is the 'Scythian world' which is also sometimes called 'Scythian-Siberian unity'. If to analyze the meaning of the words comprising the term, one can say that the 'Scythian-Siberian world' is the one 'ruled' by Scythians and Siberians or Scythian-Siberians or Siberian Scythians. It turns out that the 'Scythian world' was located in Siberia, namely to the north of the Ural Mountains and not in the North Black Sea region where it was believed to be by Herodotus. With reservations, the term 'Scythian-Siberian world' can be used to denote territories inhabited by local communities of steppe herders of the Scythian-Saka period. The term 'unity' is not applicable to them due to the ethno-cultural and genetic variety of elements that constitute this world and to the fact that their historical development paths are by far not the same. When identifying historical and cultural areas it is important to consider the following points: 1) the hierarchy since smaller, sub-areas can be identified within such areas, and 2) possible multicultural-ism, heterogeneity and diverse ethnicity of the population within one historical and cultural area. In other words, similar manifestations of the material and spiritual culture of Eurasian steppe nomads, representatives of the general economic-and-cultural type of particular steppe nomads, do not yet indicate any commonalities between them. Within the Volga-Ural cultural and historical area in the early Sarmatian era two economi -and cultural types coexisted and can be archaeologically traced that of forest and forest-steppe farmers and of steppe nomads. Here, certain similarities in manifestations of their material and spiritual culture are pointed out. The notion of 'cultural and chronological horizon' implies the spread of material culture characteristics not only horizontally (e.g. within the 'Scythian world') but also vertically (e.g. from the steppe to the north and then to the forest steppe, forest or taiga). And here, there is no necessity for any migrations to 'foreign' ecological niches and zones to take place as things and ideas can travel without their creators and owners.