АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВА ВЛИЯНИЯ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОЧНОЙ РУСИ НА МАТЕРИАЛЬНУЮ КУЛЬТУРУ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ГОРОДА ТОБОЛЬСКА КОНЦА XVI - XVII В

• Main Author: БАЛЮНОВ ИГОРЬ ВАЛЕРЬЕВИЧ
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет» 2016
• Subjects: ТОБОЛЬСК,СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОЧНАЯ РУСЬ,МАТЕРИАЛЬНАЯ КУЛЬТУРА,XVII В,ВЛИЯНИЕ,TOBOLSK,NORTH-EASTERN RUSSIA,MATERIAL CULTURE,XVII CENTURY,INFLUENCE; ural mountains; Siberia
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/arheologicheskie-svidetelstva-vliyaniya-severo-vostochnoy-rusi-na-materialnuyu-kulturu-naseleniya-goroda-tobolska-kontsa-xvi-xvii-v; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/16938159.png

Статья посвящена изучению археологического материала, свидетельствующего о влиянии земель Северо-Восточной Руси на материальную культуру населения г. Тобольска конца XVI-XVII в. Установлено, что высококачественная посуда, а также некоторая часть изделий из черных металлов того времени являлись привозными из московских земель, а местное керамическое производство (гончарное, кирпичное, изразцовое), бронзолитейное и, вероятно, сапожное формировалось под влиянием ремесленных традиций центральной части страны. The town of Tobolsk was founded in 1587; it became the largest center for reclamation of Siberia at the end of the XVI century. Mainly through Tobolsk Russian population gone settling the territory located beyond the Ural Mountains, and in addition, trade routes connected the East and West. It is evident that material culture of the inhabitants of the town was experiencing a variety of indigenous and foreign influences. However, is not always possible to follow it on archaeological material. Traditionally it is considered that the opening up of Siberia was carried out largely by migrants from Northern and North-Eastern Russia, which is supported by the archaeological findings of Tobolsk the end of XVI XVII centuries. The most widespread material received during the archeological excavations, are fragments of pottery. Their research demonstrates that a high quality dishes were brought to Tobolsk from the central part of the country, for example, irrigation inkwells. Perhaps in the town were the manufactures of ceramics, which shows a number similarities with pottery of the Moscow lands. A particular category of archaeological finds are pottery stamps. Such stamps are represented widely in the materials of medieval Russia, but in most parts of Russian lands the tradition of marking dishes finished in the XIV century or sometimes recorded in the northeast of Russia in the XV-XVII centuries. According to written sources, the stone construction in Tobolsk was formed immediately under "Moscow" influence. This impact was reflected in the brick and tile manufacturing in the Siberian town. The findings in Tobolsk of copper crosses reveal very accurate analogies with the samples from the European part of the Russia, although probably they were produced by local craftsmen. There are some categories of archaeological findings, which not as evident as the previous ones, indicate a relationship with the lands of the North-Eastern Russia. It is, for example, locks and keys, items of firearms equipment (bullets, parts of locks, ramrod tips), considering that things of similar shape were widely circulating at that time. Shoes from the archaeological excavations in Tobolsk, has a great similarity with the footwear from the capital, but in this case one should talk carefully about the direct influence. The collection of submitted materials indicates the presence of close economic and spiritual ties of Tobolsk with the towns of North-Eastern Russia. It is clear that besides migrants and goods across the Urals penetrated also craft traditions, which had a significant influence on the establishment and development of the productive activities of the residents of the Siberian town.