МЕРЗЛОТОВЕДЕНИЕ КИТАЯ В НАЧАЛЕ XXI ВЕКА (ОБЗОР)

• Main Author: ГЕВОРКЯН СЕРГЕЙ ГЕОРГИЕВИЧ
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Автономная некоммерческая организация Научно-издательский Центр "Пространство и Время" 2016
• Subjects: МЁРЗЛЫЕ ГРУНТЫ,ОДНООСНОЕ СЖАТИЕ,СИЛЫ СМЕРЗАНИЯ,КОЭФФИЦИЕНТЫ ПЕРЕХОДА,СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО В КРИОЛИТОЗОНЕ,PERMAFROST,FROZEN GROUNDS,CRYOGENIC NATURAL PROCESSES,GEOCRYOLOGY OF CHINA,KARAKORAM HIGHWAY,QINGHAI-TIBET RAILWAY,HIGHWAYS,RAILWAYS; Indian; Salekhard; permafrost
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/merzlotovedenie-kitaya-v-nachale-xxi-veka-obzor; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/16794657.png

В настоящей статье представлен краткий обзор работ, представленных китайскими специалистами на Х Международной конференции по мерзлотоведению (Салехард, 25-29 июня 2012 г.) и XII Международном конгрессе Международной ассоциации по инженерной геологии и проблемам охраны геологической среды (Турин, 15-19 сентября 2014 г.). В обзор вошли исследования по пяти направлениям: исследования распространения многолетней мерзлоты в Китае; криогенные природные процессы в криолитозоне Китая; механика мёрзлых грунтов; строительство железных и шоссейных дорог в криолитозоне; применение новых приборов и методов в изучении многолетнемёрзлых пород. In China, systematic study of permafrost soils began rather late, since 1950s; the first Chinese geocryologists studied in the USSR. So, it is fair to say that Chinese school of the geocryology grew out of the Soviet (Russian) school of the geocryology. Currently Chinese geocryology is developing very actively. Within that short space of time, Chinese geocryologists gain traction. That’s why modern state of the geocryology in China is of great interest. In my article, I represent an overview of Chinese professionals’ reports at the 10th International Conference on Permafrost (TICOP-2012, Salekhard, 25-29 June 2012), and at the 12th International Congress of the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Protection of the Geological Environment (Torino, 15-19 Sept. 2014). Chinese geocryologists’ reports at TICOP-2012, and at the 12th International Congress of the IAEG may be divided into five groups: (i) on permafrost distribution in China; (ii) on cryogenic natural processes in the permafrost zone of China; (iii) on mechanics of frozen soils; (iv) on various issues concerning the construction of railroads and highways in permafrost; (v) on new devices and methods in permafrost studying. My overview shows currently Chinese geocryology have reached a very high level. Among scientific and practical problems Chinese geocryologists have to solve, there are first of all road construction in high-mountain permafrost, such as now famous Karakoram highway and Qinghai-Tibet railway. I analyzed in detail conference reports on thermal behavior of Tibetan plateau permafrost zones and on engineering measures for permafrost protection. I conclude modern Chinese geocryology is of importance not only in academic and applied engineering (in railway construction) spheres, but also in geopolitics and state-building. Thus, Karakoram highway provides China access to the Indian Ocean. In internal political situation, railway and highway construction on the Tibetan plateau also has far-reaching consequences. It not only abridges distance between Tibet and other China’s cities. I prove the direct and inevitable result of transport infrastructure development will be a radical restructuring the economy of Tibet in the very near future. This effect, in turn, would entail a radical and irreversible change for established by centuries the traditional lifestyle of indigenous Tibetans. Political impact of this will be consolidation of the unity, stability and strength of the Chinese commonwealth.