ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ГИДРАТОВ ГАЗА НА СУШЕ И ШЕЛЬФЕ АРКТИКИ В КВАРТЕРЕ

• Main Authors: Друшиц, Валентина, Садчикова, Тамара, Сколотнева, Татьяна
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Автономная некоммерческая организация Научно-издательский Центр "Пространство и Время" 2015
• Subjects: ГАЗОВЫЕ ГИДРАТЫ; МНОГОЛЕТНЕМЁРЗЛЫЕ ПОРОДЫ; ШЕЛЬФ; КВАРТЕР; АРКТИКА; Arctic; Canada; Climate change; permafrost; Арктика
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/predposylki-obrazovaniya-i-nakopleniya-gidratov-gaza-na-sushe-i-shelfe-arktiki-v-kvartere; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/15769186.png

Одним из отличительных признаков четвертичного периода (квартера) стало формирование мощной криолитозоны области широкого распространения многолетнемерзлых пород, обладающих специфическими физическими и литологическими свойствами и образующих особые формы рельефа. С этим явлением связана ещё одна яркая черта квартера образование гидратов газа в континентальных условиях. Gas hydrates occupy large areas in the World Ocean. However, they are also on land and shelf in the Arctic. One of the peculiar features of Quaternary is formation of great cryolithozone-area wide distribution of permafrost. This phenomenon creates the favorable conditions on the continents for formation the gas hydrates. Their origin in the Arctic is directly related to gas migration within sediments more or less saturated with water, and transition to crystalline state under conditions of high pressure and low temperature of permafrost. Gas hydrates attract the attention on some reasons: a) gas hydrates may be one of the future energetic resources; b) may play significant role in climate change: c) may be hazard in some cases of human activity. Large gas hydrate deposits are only in the areas adjacent with well-known oil and gas fields. However, gas hydrate occurrences exist in many places of the Arctic regions in the Russia, Canada and USA. Gas hydrates found on the Arctic shelves resulted from a prolonged period of subaerial evolution. Quaternary environment in the Arctic is the key for prognosis of gas hydrate existence in near future and for conditions of their explorations. Cryolithozone and gas hydrate occurrences began to form in the Late Pliocene. Further, their volumes could decrease in warm epoch in the Eopleistocene and early Pleistocene. Gas hydrate stability zone reached great thickness at the Middle Pleistocene, after that it does not disappear only can be growing shorter. On the Arctic shelf, potentially gas hydrate-bearing areas are confined to relict permafrost. The assessment of recent climatic environment makes us think, that gas hydrate fields can exist in the scale of geological time.