НОВГОРОДСКИЕ ЦАРСКИЕ ВРАТА XV±XVII ВВ. С ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЕМ БЛАГОВЕЩЕНИЯ И ДВУХ СВЯТИТЕЛЕЙ

• Main Author: Шумилова, Христина
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Негосударственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Православный Свято-Тихоновский гуманитарный университет" 2014
• Subjects: ДРЕВНЕРУССКОЕ ИСКУССТВО; ИСКУССТВО ВЕЛИКОГО НОВГОРОДА; ИКОНОПИСЬ; ЦАРСКИЕ ВРАТА; СВЯТИТЕЛИ; ВАСИЛИЙ ВЕЛИКИЙ; ИОАНН ЗЛАТОУСТ; БЛАГОВЕЩЕНИЕ; ИКОНОГРАФИЯ; Republic of Karelia
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/novgorodskie-tsarskie-vrata-xv-xvii-vv-s-izobrazheniem-blagovescheniya-i-dvuh-svyatiteley; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/15705909.png

Статья исследует группу новгородских Царских врат с изображением Благовещения и двух святителей Василия Великого и Иоанна Златоуста. Анализ этой группы врат приводит к выводу о том, что данный иконографический тип был широко распространенным в новгородских храмах. Сформировавшись к середине XV в., он просуществовал без значительных изменений до XVII века. Царские врата со святителями продолжают византийскую традицию, сохраняя крупный масштаб и монументальность изображения. Их навершия приобретают изящную форму, что напоминает о прообразе навершия раковине, символе Богородицы. The main purpose of this work is to get an overview of number and safe state of Novgorodian Royal Gates of XV-XVIIth centuries with depictions of the Annunciation and two saint bishops Basil the Great and John Chrysostom from the collections of Russian museums as well as to analyze the iconography, to review variations of forms within the established cannon and to reveal specific features of Novgorodian icon-painting. Nineteen monuments which are kept in the Hermitage, the Russian Museum, the Tret΄yakov Gallery, the Andrej Rublyov Museum, the State History Museum, the State Novgorod Museum, the Museum of Fine Arts of Republic of Karelia, the Pskov State Museum, the Vologda State Museum, the «Kolomenskoe» Museum-Reserve and private collections are reviewed in this article. As the result of the analysis of the group of Royal Gates in review following conclusions can be made: more than half of Royal Gates from this group have intricate and exquisite shape of the finial. As usual a finial has six blades with scallops the shape which reminds its antitype the shell a the symbol of the Virgin Mary. In fi nials the Annunciation is always depicted in two iconographic versions. On the leaves of Gates we see full length figures of saint bishops. Such depiction carries on Byzantian tradition large scale and monumentality of the image. St. Basil the Great is depicted on the left leaf, and st. John Chrysostom on the right one. Figures are placed symmetrically but not mirror-like, heads are inclined, bodies are three-quarter turned; saint bishops stare ahead, rarely on the viewer. On the most of the monuments garments are similar and vary only in color. In the hands of saint bishops there are scrolls with different liturgical texts. Based on investigation of this group of Royal Gates it can be concluded that this iconographic type was quite spread in the churches of Novgorod. Formed in the mid-XVth century this type survived without significant changes until the beginning of the XVIIth century.