ИГРУШКИ ОБСКИХ УГРОВ И АЛТАЙЦЕВ В КОЛЛЕКЦИЯХ РОССИЙСКОГО ЭТНОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО МУЗЕЯ И МУЗЕЯ АНТРОПОЛОГИИ И ЭТНОГРАФИИ ИМ. ПЕТРА ВЕЛИКОГО (КУНСТКАМЕРЫ)

• Main Authors: Золотарева, Наталья, Курьянова, Татьяна
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2014
• Subjects: КУКЛЫ; ИГРУШКИ; МУЗЕЙНЫЕ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ; ОБСКИЕ УГРЫ; АЛТАЙЦЫ; khanty; Mansi
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/igrushki-obskih-ugrov-i-altaytsev-v-kollektsiyah-rossiyskogo-etnograficheskogo-muzeya-i-muzeya-antropologii-i-etnografii-im-petra; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/15681518.png

В статье предпринята попытка рассмотреть игрушки обских угров и алтайцев в коллекциях ведущих этнографических музеев Российского этнографического музея и Музея антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера). В процессе исследования была прослежена история формирования коллекций игрушек, описаны конструктивные характеристики игрушек, систематизированы в группы, проанализированы общие и различные черты в игрушках рассматриваемых народов, обозначены этнокультурные смыслы векторы развития этнокультурных компетенций. Toys perform important functions of social and ideological inculturation in the culture of Ob-Ugric peoples and the Altai. For this reason interest in games and toys in different scientific disciplines is clear. However, the source base for research is negligible due to the disappearance of traditional toys from everyday use. In this regard, the museum's collections are of particular importance. Toys Ob-Ugric peoples and the Altai reside in ethnographic museums in the country, including the Russian Ethnographic Museum (REM), and the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography n.a. Peter the Great, Russian Academy of Sciences (Kunstkammer) (MAE RAS). In the paper toys of Ob-Ugric peoples and the Altai are considered in the collections of the leading ethnographic museums, their informative significance are disclosed. During the research the history of toy’s collections is found, their structural characteristics are described. The common and different features in toys are analyzed, ethnic and cultural meanings are indicated as the vectors of development of etnocultural competencies. Toys are organized into collections of museums on the basis of the proposed classification: sound toys rattles, bells, rattles, etc.; motor toys bows, arrows, boomerangs, etc; shaped toys pictures of animals and dolls; labor creative toys; motor-sports balls, tops, etc.; theater toys; board games. The dolls Ob-Ugric peoples and the Altai as shaped toys are presented the most complete in the collections REM and MAE, so their comparative characteristics are performed. There are dolls children, dolls male and female dolls in the collections of museums. The fabric is a common material for the manufacture of all kinds of dolls. In addition Teleuts use paper as a material Telengits wood, Mansi skin, Khanty goose or duck's beak, or a piece of deerskin suede, fur. The hallmark of the dolls and the Altai Ob-Ugric peoples is the lack of face. This is due to traditional norms outlook, which prohibit image. In addition dolls Ob-Ugric peoples and Teleuts don’t have arms and legs, which distinguishes them from telengits dolls, which are marked with signs. Dolls women are different from men dolls clothes, which repeats the traditional costume. Based on the research paper concludes that museum objects considered highly informative because of their typicality to represent the culture and repeatability in the collection materials, due to periodic forwarding charges, performed by professional ethnographers.