КУЛЬТУРНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ ХАНТОВ В КОЛЛЕКЦИЯХ КУНСТКАМЕРЫ: ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ ЗАНЯТИЯ

• Main Author: Лукина, Надежда
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2014
• Subjects: КУНСТКАМЕРА,ХАНТЫЙСКИЕ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ,КУЛЬТУРНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ,ПРЕДМЕТЫ И ОРУДИЯ ХОЗЯЙСТВА,KUNSTKAMMER,THE KHANTY COLLECTION,CULTURAL HERITAGE,TOOLS; Berezovo; khanty; Siberia
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kulturnoe-nasledie-hantov-v-kollektsiyah-kunstkamery-hozyaystvennye-zanyatiya; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/15669205.png

Статья посвящена коллекциям Музея антропологии и этнографии (Кунсткамеры) РАН, отражающим культурное наследие хантов. Коллекции поступили в 1880-1978 гг., их число 40, количество хантыйских предметов 1 640. Вместе с иллюстративным материалом они дают информацию о хозяйственных занятиях, средствах передвижения, постройках, утвари, одежде, играх и игрушках, предметах искусства и культа. Кроме общего анализа коллекций, более детально рассмотрены орудия, инвентарь, материалы и готовые изделия, относящиеся к основным занятиям: рыболовству, охоте, оленеводству, собирательству, домашним промыслам. The article is devoted to the collections of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkammer), Russian Academy of Sciences, reflecting the cultural heritage of one of the peoples of Siberia the Khanty (former name the Ostyaks). The Khanty settled the vast area of the Ob-Irtysh basin. The presence of local, sometimes quite significant differences is an attribute of their culture. The total number of the Kunstkammer collections containing Khanty items is 40, 35 of them are designated as belonging to the Ostyaks / Khanty. There are 1640 depository items in the whole. The author worked with materials of Kunstkammer in 1971, 1977 and 2014. She has researched more than 30 collector''s inventories, moreover, some of the items were inspected and described directly in the funds. Also 16 early collections of the illustrative fund were studied. Information obtained was systematized on the following topics: economic activity, vehicles, buildings, utensils, clothes, toys and games, art and religion items. The comparative analysis of the collections and their territorial connection shows that they reflect the cultural heritage of the Lower Ob, Kazym-Berezovo and Vasyugan groups to the fullest extent. It is difficult to understand the territorial connection of the other groups of museum exhibits due to unclear information of the place where these items were collected. Apart from a general analysis of the museum collections, in the second part of the article the author discusses tools, equipment, materials and finished products relating to basic activities: fishing, hunting, herding, collecting, home crafts in more details (the other cultural blocks will be discussed in the next article). The trap fisheries for locks, network gear, longlines, stitching tools and ancillary equipment are for fishing; guns for passive and active methods of catching animals, arrows, and ancillary equipment are for hunting. Reindeer herding is presented by the objects for controlling their run (deer transport is not considered here, it is included in the block "vehicle"). Gathering is reflected in the instruments and devices for the harvesting of pine nuts. Versatile and specialized tools for working wood, herbs, skins and tendons as well as things for sewing and weaving are classified as homemade crafts. Representativeness and self-descriptiveness of the MAE exhibits varies in relation to different types of activities. The least number of items is about fishery, it lacks many of the traps and gear known by the Khanty. Personable enough are materials on hunting. There are not many items related to reindeer herding and gathering in the museum, but this list is not rich in the life of the Khanty, too. The most comprehensive and informative set of items belongs to home production.