СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ РЕПРЕССИРОВАННЫХ В ГОДЫ БОЛЬШОГО ТЕРРОРА (1937-1938 ГГ.) В КАРЕЛЬСКОЙ АССР

• Main Author: Лягушкина, Л.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет" 2014
• Subjects: ИСТОРИЯ; БОЛЬШОЙ ТЕРРОР; СТАЛИНИЗМ; СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ ПОРТРЕТ; БАЗЫ ДАННЫХ; karelian; karelians; Карелы
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sotsialnye-harakteristiki-repressirovannyh-v-gody-bolshogo-terrora-1937-1938-gg-v-karelskoy-assr; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/15664366.png

Рассматриваются социальные характеристики репрессированных в годы Большого террора в Карельской АССР. Основным источником исследования являются местные Книги Памяти, в электронном виде вошедшие в базу данных «Жертвы политического террора в СССР». Выделены три основные национальные группы репрессированных (русские, карелы и финны), аресты каждой из которых имели собственную динамику. Установлено, что в основном от репрессий пострадали люди в возрасте 31-40 лет (33%), преимущественно мужчины (95%). The paper analyzes the social portrait of the Great Terror victims (July 1937 November 1938) in the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (KASSR) and compares it with the social features of the victims from other regions of the USSR. The main source of the research is a large-scale database "The victims of the political terror in the USSR", which includes more than 2.6 million short biographies. It was collected by International Memorial Society. The database is compiled on the material of the so-called "Books of Memory" (or "Memorial Books"). There are 10872 short biographies of the Great Terror victims in the Karelian ASSR in the database and information about all the victims. The repressions in Karelia were of a large-scale compared to other regions due to its boundary position and some other factors, including big Finnish population. 85% of the arrested persons in the region were executed, compared to 43% in the whole USSR. The dynamics of the arrests and convictions of the "offenders" in 1937-1938 is analyzed. The author concludes that the arrests started actively in August 1937 from the arrests of Russians and Karelians. The most severe arrests of Finns were held in 1938. The average age and gender of the repressed people is also analyzed. The victims were predominantly male (about 95%), which meant that women had lower social status. The victims were mostly in their thirties (33%) and forties (26%). The conclusions about victims' nationalities are made. By the 1937 census, the Karelian population consisted of 63% Russians, 22% Karelians and 3% Finns. But there were 34% Russians, 27% Karelians and 22% Finns among the arrested persons. Mass arrests of Finns started in November 1937 after the approval of the measure by the central authorities. They were sentenced to death more frequently than Russians in 87% of the cases compared to 78% of Russians. People of other foreign nationalities such as Germans and Poles were sentenced to capital punishment in 90% of the cases.