ИСТОРИЯ ФЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ НАБЛЮДЕНИЙ В ТОМСКЕ И ТОМСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ

• Main Authors: Крюкова, Ксения, Пинаева, Нина
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2013
• Subjects: ФЕНОЛОГИЯ; СЕЗОННЫЕ ЯВЛЕНИЯ; ФЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ; ФЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ФАЗЫ; Kamchatka; Siberia
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/istoriya-fenologicheskih-nablyudeniy-v-tomske-i-tomskoy-gubernii; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/15618275.png

Первые фенологические наблюдения за климатом в Томске проводил казак П. Соломатин в ходе Второй Камчатской экспедиции. После 1737 г. наблюдения за климатом в Томске не велись около ста лет и были вновь начаты в 1830 г. С середины XIX в. в печатных изданиях как по России, так и по Томской губернии появляются фенологические заметки о живой природе. Так, в начале ХХ в. в Томске и его окрестностях фенологическими объектами являются как животные, так и растения. С 1948 г. под руководством В.Г. Рудского в Томской области организуется фенологическая сеть. Со второй половины ХХ в. и по сегодняшний день фенологические наблюдения проводятся в Томске и в Томской области разными организациями и учреждениями, а также томскими краеведами. This article describes the history of phenological observations in Tomsk and Tomsk oblast. Phenological observations in Tomsk and Tomsk oblast were organized by the Academy of Sciences during the Second Kamchatka Expedition (1733-1743). The observations in Tomsk were carried out by cossack P. Solomatin till 1737. After 1737 meteorological observations were not carried out in Tomsk for about hundred years and were started in 1830. The first summary of phenological material was published in 1854 in the form of «Rural Chronicle» in Russia, where there was also evidence of two points of Tomsk oblast (villages of Kulakowskoe and Legostaevskoe). According to these item, the characteristics of all the seasons of the year with the major seasonal phenomena in living and non-living nature were studied. The West Siberian department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society was opened in Siberia in 1877. In the notes of this department for 1879 there is evidence of seasonal natural phenomena of Tomsk and Tomsk oblast for 1878-1880 by freezing and opening of the Tom river. In 1896 there was published «A short overview of the agricultural province of Tomsk for 1895» by V.G. Bazhaev, which mentions seven districts. In this review there was given a description of climate data by seasons: winter, spring and summer. There were given average dates in all counties according to freezing and opening of rivers, snow melting and its complete disappearanc and last frost in spring. Also, there is presented the average dates ofphenological phases of winter crops (greening, earing, flowering) and herbs (greening and flowering). It should be noted that from the middle of the XIX century, in addition to meteorological observations there were conducted and published phenological observations of the flaura and fauna. He spent his observations of animate and inanimate nature in Tomsk and its surroundings, in a resort town (on the left bankof the Tom river) and the University grove. Since 1911 he began to publish his diaries of phenological observations. In 1919 phenological observations were started by professor P.N. Krylov in the systematic section of the Botanical Garden of Tomsk State University for the development ofplants and were continued by his student, professor L.P. Sergievskaya. It was approved by adecision on opening the Tomsk Department of the All-Union Geographical Society in 1948, which included the phenological section. V.G. Rudskii was appointed its supervisor, who organized the phenological network in Tomsk region. In the second half of the twentieth century, calendars of Tomsk were published, and the staff of the Siberian Botanical Garden held long-term phenological observations of trees and shrubs. At present, phenological observations in Tomsk and Tomsk oblast are held for seasonal phenomena of inanimate (hydrogeological and meteorological) and live (in flora andfauna) nature that are conducted by different institutions and organization as well as nature lovers.