ИОННЫЙ СТОК И ХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ ВОД ЛЕДНИКОВОЙ РЕКИ АКТРУ (ГОРНЫЙ АЛТАЙ)

• Main Authors: Паромов, Владимир, Савичев, Олег, Шантыкова, Лилия, Торгашева, Ксения
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2014
• Subjects: ГОРНЫЙ АЛТАЙ; ГОРНО-ЛЕДНИКОВЫЙ БАССЕЙН АКТРУ; ХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ РЕЧНЫХ ВОД; ИОННЫЙ СТОК; ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЙ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТИ; ob river
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ionnyy-stok-i-himicheskiy-sostav-vod-lednikovoy-reki-aktru-gornyy-altay; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/15614689.png

По данным полевых работ 2013 г. и ранее проведенных исследований (1997-1999, 2012 гг.) в горно-ледниковом бассейне р. Актру (Горный Алтай) выполнен анализ пространственно-временной динамики химического состава речных вод и ионного стока. Выявлена закономерность в динамике расхода растворенных веществ, заключающаяся в резком увеличении расходов и минерализации на участке интенсивного поступления в русловую сеть талых ледниковых вод (0-5 км от истока реки) и постепенной стабилизации характеристик ниже по течению вплоть до устья. The analysis of existential changes of the chemical composition of river waters and hydrochemical runoff is executed on the basis of materials of researches executed in 2013 (and earlier) in the mountain-glacial basin of the Aktru River located on the northern mac-roslope of the North-Chuya ridge in Bish-Iirdu (Gorny Altai). The Aktru River is an element of the river network ''the Aktru River the Chuya River the Katun River the Ob River''. The area of glaciers is 16.7 square kilometers, the largest of them are the Right, Left and Small Aktru glaciers. The GIS-based and statistical analysis of spatial changes of hydrological and hydrochemical conditions is carried out within the limits of the catchment basin. It is shown that river waters correspond to categories: 1) by the total of dissolved substances fresh with very small and average mineralization (by O.A. Alyokin's classification); 2) by chemical composition hydro-carbonate calcium waters of the first and second types of mineralization (also by O.A. Alyokin's classification); 3) by рН size alkalescent and neutral. The picture of change of water discharges is established, as well as рН and the chemical composition of river waters (main ions Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Na+, K+, HCO 3 -, CO 3 2-, SO 4 2-, Cl -, nitrates, nitrites, ions of ammonium, phosphates, silicon, fluoride-ion, iron, organic substances by bichromate (COD) and permanganate oxidability, microelements Li, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Hg, Pb) from sources up to the mouth in cross-sections in 24.5, 20.0, 16.9, 12.4, 7.4, 0.8 km from the mouth of the Aktru River. The regularity in changes of the discharge of the dissolved substances is revealed. It consists in a sharp increase in discharges and mineralization on the site with intensive thawed glacial waters receipt in the channel network (0-5 km from the source of the river) and gradual stabilization of characteristics downstream up to the mouth. The equation of regress as a polynomial of the second order is received, connecting change of the sum of the main ions and extent of the water-current and allowing to receive the total content of the main ions close to the corresponding parameter for glacial waters (on the average for the long-term period) at zero argument (distance from the source). Primary factors of seasonal dynamics of the runoff of the dissolved substances are: in summer months increase in the area of interaction of ultrafresh waters with the rocks resulting in essential growth of the hydrochemical runoff from the basin; during the long low flow time of interaction in еру system ''water rock organic substance''. It is shown that the basic part of the dissolved salts (not less than 90 %) enters river waters from rocks from the water-modular territory unoccupied with glaciers. With stronger degradation of glaciers of the Aktru basin it is necessary to expect an increase in the hydrochemical runoff owing to, first, the increase in the water runoff, and, second, expansion of the area of sites of the river basin with sediments unstable to the influence of water. In a complex, it results in an increase in the hydrochemical runoff and accumulation of products of denudation on the border of geomorphological areas, which under certain conditions can lead to geochemical anomalies in the valley of the river.