Пернатые хищники и авиация

• Main Author: Грабовский, М.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Сибэкоцентр» 2008
• Subjects: ХИЩНЫЕ ПТИЦЫ; АВИАЦИЯ; Nyctea scandiaca
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pernatye-hischniki-i-aviatsiya; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/14853366.png

The problem of airport bird control is actual all over the world. About 60 bird strikes at airports are registered in Russia every year. And the number of bird strikes has increased since 1994: 1.2-1.5 bird strikes per 100 thousands hours of fling were registered since 1990 to 1994, but no lesser than 3 bird strikes per 100 thousands hours of fling have been already noted since 1996. Birds with mass more than 0.5 kg constitute the greatest threat to aircrafts. Thus raptors are the most hazardous bird species. Only thanks to qualified decisions of pilots and lucky accidents catastrophes were avoided after Tu-154 and Il-86 aircrafts stuck Black Kites (Milvus migrans) that caused engine crushes in the airdrome of Novosibirsk (Tolmachevo) in 2001 and in 2006. Many species of birds of prey and owls inhabit territories similar with airport lands. The modern airfield is an open territory with rare buildings covered by short grass, rarely visited by humans and surrounded by agriculture lands on suburb of city. Such territory is very attractive to many species of raptors: kites, eagles (Aquila sp.), harriers (Circus sp.), buzzards (Buteo sp.), kestrels (Falco tinnunculus), Short-eared owls (Asio flammeus) and Snow owls (Nyctea scandiaca). Some of those species are completely adapted to inhabit settled territories and prefer to feed in dumps, farms, and roadsides. There are data on the density of raptors in the airdrome and vicinities of the Novosibirsk (Tolmachevo) airport in the table 1. I should note that techniques to keep unwanted birds away are applied in the Tolmachevo airport since 2001. The problem of raptor keeping out of airport lands is very serious. Biosonic bird repellers are not effective absolutely. Applying of alarm rockets is more effective. Visual scare devices consisting of rotated smooth parts are sufficient effective to scare migrating birds away. Unfortunately there are not stable positive effects to keep birds inhabiting lands around airport away. Thus the Short-eared owl caught in the Tolmachevo airfield in August 2002 and taken at 30 km away the airport was caught once again in the airfield during breeding season next year. The only absolutely effective measure to drive common species of raptors away the airport lands seems to shoot selectively birds regularly appearing in the territory of the airfield during breeding season. Another important aspect of interaction between raptors and aviation is falconry using for bird strike avoiding. Many airports use this method to ensure aviation safety as the most natural Falconry is used in airports of Moscow, S.-Petersburg and N. Novgorod in Russia. The problem of airport bird control is actual all over the world. About 60 bird strikes at airports are registered in Russia every year. And the number of bird strikes has increased since 1994: 1.2-1.5 bird strikes per 100 thousands hours of fling were registered since 1990 to 1994, but no lesser than 3 bird strikes per 100 thousands hours of fling have been already noted since 1996. Birds with mass more than 0.5 kg constitute the greatest threat to aircrafts. Thus raptors are the most hazardous bird species. Only thanks to qualified decisions of pilots and lucky accidents catastrophes were avoided after Tu-154 and Il-86 aircrafts stuck Black Kites (Milvus migrans) that caused engine crushes in the airdrome of Novosibirsk (Tolmachevo) in 2001 and in 2006. Many species of birds of prey and owls inhabit territories similar with airport lands. The modern airfield is an open territory with rare buildings covered by short grass, rarely visited by humans and surrounded by agriculture lands on suburb of city. Such territory is very attractive to many species of raptors: kites, eagles (Aquila sp.), harriers (Circus sp.), buzzards (Buteo sp.), kestrels (Falco tinnunculus), Short-eared owls (Asio flammeus) and Snow owls (Nyctea scandiaca). Some of those species are completely adapted to inhabit settled territories and prefer to feed in dumps, farms, and roadsides. There are data on the density of raptors in the airdrome and vicinities of the Novosibirsk (Tolmachevo) airport in the table 1. I should note that techniques to keep unwanted birds away are applied in the Tolmachevo airport since 2001. The problem of raptor keeping out of airport lands is very serious. Biosonic bird repellers are not effective absolutely. Applying of alarm rockets is more effective. Visual scare devices consisting of rotated smooth parts are sufficient effective to scare migrating birds away. Unfortunately there are not stable positive effects to keep birds inhabiting lands around airport away. Thus the Short-eared owl caught in the Tolmachevo airfield in August 2002 and taken at 30 km away the airport was caught once again in the airfield during breeding season next year. The only absolutely effective measure to drive common species of raptors away the airport lands seems to shoot selectively birds regularly appearing in the territory of the airfield during breeding season. Another important aspect of interaction between raptors and aviation is falconry using for bird strike avoiding. Many airports use this method to ensure aviation safety as the most natural Falconry is used in airports of Moscow, S.-Petersburg and N. Novgorod in Russia.