Сапсан (Falco peregrinus) в Волго-Уральском регионе, россия

• Main Author: Карякин, И.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Сибэкоцентр» 2005
• Subjects: САПСАН; ВОЛГО-УРАЛЬСКИЙ РЕГИОН; СОКОЛ; Eyrie; Humps; Falco peregrinus; taiga; Сапсан
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sapsan-falco-peregrinus-v-volgo-uralskom-regione-rossiya; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/14743943.png

The territory of the European part of the Volga-Ural Region (918462.32 km2) has been surveyed by the author and colleagues in 1988-2002. A total of 452 nesting territories of the Peregrines were found, projecting a total of 900-1000 pairs for the region. Biologically the territory of the region is divided into 4 zones: the Ural Mountains forested plains, forest-steppe and steppe. The largest part of the breeding territories (72.1%) is located in the mountains and in foothills of the Urals, where the Peregrines are breeding exclusively on cliffs along rivers and lakes. A total of 37 nests (22.7%) were found in the taiga forest plains west of the Urals. There, 54.1% of the nests were located on the moss tussocks and raised humps amongst bogs, 27% in other raptor species nests on trees and on triangulation towers and 8.1% on river precipices. The remaining 4.4% of known nest sites were found in the forest-steppe east from the Urals. Cliff breeding (72.7% of the nests) dominates in this part of the region. The remaining nests were found mostly in the other raptor species nests. In general cliff breeding dominates in the surveyed region 85.7% (N=295). There the falcons use niches (86.6%), or ledges open from above (9.9%) or ledges with overhung (2.0%), or, rarely on the top of the cliff (1.6%). Often the peregrines occupy niches used as breeding sites by Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) 30.4%. Egg laying starts from 1 April to 26 May. Chicks hatch from 4 May to 28 June, most commonly from 8 to 28 May and fledge from 13 June to 7 Augusts (most commonly 17 June to 7 July). In the Ural Mountains a total of 57.9% of chicks fledge by 57.9%, most of them fledge after 20 June. Clutch size (N=17) varies between 1 and 4, making an average 2.94. Brood size (N=58) varies from 1 to 4, or 2.69 on average. Breeding rate is 2. 38 fledglings per successful eyrie (N=221). Literature suggests sharp decline of the Peregrine numbers in 1950-70s and its recovery from 80s. It appears that the cause of the decline was contamination by organochlorines. Since 1994 we stopped recording crashed eggs, common in the region in the earlier seasons. In the past 10 years the numbers of the peregrine increased at least 3-4 times and still increasing. It is predicted that in the future decade the numbers will increase 1.5 times. The territory of the European part of the Volga-Ural Region (918462.32 km2) has been surveyed by the author and colleagues in 1988-2002. A total of 452 nesting territories of the Peregrines were found, projecting a total of 900-1000 pairs for the region. Biologically the territory of the region is divided into 4 zones: the Ural Mountains forested plains, forest-steppe and steppe. The largest part of the breeding territories (72.1%) is located in the mountains and in foothills of the Urals, where the Peregrines are breeding exclusively on cliffs along rivers and lakes. A total of 37 nests (22.7%) were found in the taiga forest plains west of the Urals. There, 54.1% of the nests were located on the moss tussocks and raised humps amongst bogs, 27% in other raptor species nests on trees and on triangulation towers and 8.1% on river precipices. The remaining 4.4% of known nest sites were found in the forest-steppe east from the Urals. Cliff breeding (72.7% of the nests) dominates in this part of the region. The remaining nests were found mostly in the other raptor species nests. In general cliff breeding dominates in the surveyed region 85.7% (N=295). There the falcons use niches (86.6%), or ledges open from above (9.9%) or ledges with overhung (2.0%), or, rarely on the top of the cliff (1.6%). Often the peregrines occupy niches used as breeding sites by Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) 30.4%. Egg laying starts from 1 April to 26 May. Chicks hatch from 4 May to 28 June, most commonly from 8 to 28 May and fledge from 13 June to 7 Augusts (most commonly 17 June to 7 July). In the Ural Mountains a total of 57.9% of chicks fledge by 57.9%, most of them fledge after 20 June. Clutch size (N=17) varies between 1 and 4, making an average 2.94. Brood size (N=58) varies from 1 to 4, or 2.69 on average. Breeding rate is 2. 38 fledglings per successful eyrie (N=221). Literature suggests sharp decline of the Peregrine numbers in 1950-70s and its recovery from 80s. It appears that the cause of the decline was contamination by organochlorines. Since 1994 we stopped recording crashed eggs, common in the region in the earlier seasons. In the past 10 years the numbers of the peregrine increased at least 3-4 times and still increasing. It is predicted that in the future decade the numbers will increase 1.5 times.