Пернатые хищники предгорий Калбинского Алтая, Казахстан

• Main Authors: Смелянский, И., Барашкова, А., Томиленко, А., Березовиков, Н.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Сибэкоцентр» 2006
• Subjects: ХИЩНЫЕ ПТИЦЫ; ПЕРНАТЫЕ ХИЩНИКИ; МОГИЛЬНИК; БЕРКУТ; ОРЕЛ СТЕПНОЙ; БАЛОБАН; ФИЛИН; СТЕПНОЙ ОРЕЛ; ПУСТЕЛЬГА СТЕПНАЯ; Accipiter gentilis; Aquila chrysaetos; golden eagle; Беркут; Филин
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pernatye-hischniki-predgoriy-kalbinskogo-altaya-kazahstan; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/14622600.png

The southern, north-southern and partly eastern foothills of the Kalba Range (the Eastern Kazakhstan District, Kazakhstan) were surveyed within the Central Asian IBAs Project (Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity in Kazakhstan) on 23 May 18 June 2006. The Kalba Range (the Kalba upland region) is the most western raising of the Altai Mts. bordered with the walleyes of Irtysh, Shar and Kokpekty rivers and the Zaissan Lake depression. The prevalent altitudes of the watersheds are 900-1400 meters above sea level. All the area is covered by steppe vegetation; in addition several tracks of pine forest are presented on the granite outcrops. A total of 14 breeding territories of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos; 24 nests) were localized. Seven breeding areas were explored and the nests with two chicks were found in five of them, only abandoned nests were recorded in others. The Golden Eagle inhabits both southern and northwestern foothills and high eastern periphery of the range (Fig.2). All nests placed on cliffs in restricted range of altitudes 640-840 m (in the Kalba Range per se) or 328-371 m (in northwestern foothills). The density is 1 breeding pair per 25-33 km2 in the steppe of the Kalba foothills (average distance between inhabited nests is about 6 km). A total of 300 pairs are estimated to breed in the northwestern foothills and 90 pairs in the eastern part of the Kalba Range. We project 400 pairs breeding in the Kalba upland region. We found 14 breeding territories of the Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis). There, 16 nests were found, 9 of them were occupied; 7 nests were successful (2±0.53 chicks per breeding pair and 1.64±0.92 chicks per occupied nest). The Steppe Eagle nests throughout low southern and northwestern periphery of the Kalba (Fig.4). All nests located on a ground or small rocks, rare on cliffs; 78% of nests were found in narrow range of slope exposition from South to Southwest. The density is about 1 active nest per 5.5 km2, the average distance between active nests was about 3.5 km2. A total of 1200 pairs are estimated to breed in the Kalba. We noted 3 breeding areas of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca). The nests with 2 chicks were found in 2 of them (one nest was located on a poplar-tree in a poor forested flood-land and another on a traverse of an electric pole in the steppe). Also we found empty nest at the low pine-tree left some years ago. A hunting adult was observed in the Eastern Kalba. Additionally Dr. Marc Pestov recorded an active nest (with fledglings) on a tree in a sparse pine forest in the Central Kalba (Pestov, this issue). Obviously the Imperial Eagle is the most rare eagle in the surveyed territory. The Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus; 3 records), the Montagu's Harrier (C. pygargus; 25 records) and the Marsh Harrier (C. aeruginosus; 1 records) were found presumably in their breeding territories while any nest wasn't found. The Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus, evidently this species may hybridize here with the Upland Buzzard, Buteo hemilasius), Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo), Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus), Black Kite (Milvus migrans), and Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) were observed on the way. We recorded a nest with two fledglings of the Long-Legged Buzzard (probably hybrids) placed on the cliff; several other Long-Legged Buzzard' nests were empty and actually used by the Saker. We found 6 breeding territories of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). The active nests were found in 3 of them; and 3 territories have been revealed as possible breeding. The Saker nests were mainly on low-hilled plain with granite outcrops. The average distance between active nests was about 6.66 km. All pairs occupied nests built up by the Long-Legged Buzzard on rock cliffs. These breeding pairs seem to combine into local nesting group that covers the area about 700 km2 and include no less 14-18 pairs. A total 20-30 pairs are estimated to breed in the Kalba upland region. A total there were 19 records of the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) with no less 74 adults surveyed, including 12 colonies numbered 1-10 pairs (in average 2.6±2.44). The most colonies (8) were nesting at the old Kazakhs stony tombs and ruins (more than half of observerd old cemeteries and ruins were occupied by the Kestrel). Two colonies were located at the stone piles and two on cliffs. We not found the Lesser Kestrel throughout the eastern periphery of the Kalba Range. Among other falcons the Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) was the most numerous and frequent in the southern and eastern periphery of the Kalba Range (no less 130 adults were surveyed), both nests in rocks and at trees were found on the territory. The Hobby (Falco subbuteo; 8 records) also was found here in 2005 and 2006, while the Red-Footed Falcon (Falco vespertinus) was recorded once in 2005 only. Among owls the Scops Owl (Otus scops) was recorded the most frequently; we heard the Scops at all camping sites with trees to the east of E 81.9333°. The Long-Eared Owl (Asio otus; 2 breeding areas) and the Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus; 2 records) were observed as well. The Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) wasn't recorded in 2006 while one nesting site have been found in 2005. The southern, north-southern and partly eastern foothills of the Kalba Range (the Eastern Kazakhstan District, Kazakhstan) were surveyed within the Central Asian IBAs Project (Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity in Kazakhstan) on 23 May 18 June 2006. The Kalba Range (the Kalba upland region) is the most western raising of the Altai Mts. bordered with the walleyes of Irtysh, Shar and Kokpekty rivers and the Zaissan Lake depression. The prevalent altitudes of the watersheds are 900-1400 meters above sea level. All the area is covered by steppe vegetation; in addition several tracks of pine forest are presented on the granite outcrops. A total of 14 breeding territories of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos; 24 nests) were localized. Seven breeding areas were explored and the nests with two chicks were found in five of them, only abandoned nests were recorded in others. The Golden Eagle inhabits both southern and northwestern foothills and high eastern periphery of the range (Fig.2). All nests placed on cliffs in restricted range of altitudes 640-840 m (in the Kalba Range per se) or 328-371 m (in northwestern foothills). The density is 1 breeding pair per 25-33 km2 in the steppe of the Kalba foothills (average distance between inhabited nests is about 6 km). A total of 300 pairs are estimated to breed in the northwestern foothills and 90 pairs in the eastern part of the Kalba Range. We project 400 pairs breeding in the Kalba upland region. We found 14 breeding territories of the Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis). There, 16 nests were found, 9 of them were occupied; 7 nests were successful (2±0.53 chicks per breeding pair and 1.64±0.92 chicks per occupied nest). The Steppe Eagle nests throughout low southern and northwestern periphery of the Kalba (Fig.4). All nests located on a ground or small rocks, rare on cliffs; 78% of nests were found in narrow range of slope exposition from South to Southwest. The density is about 1 active nest per 5.5 km2, the average distance between active nests was about 3.5 km2. A total of 1200 pairs are estimated to breed in the Kalba. We noted 3 breeding areas of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca). The nests with 2 chicks were found in 2 of them (one nest was located on a poplar-tree in a poor forested flood-land and another on a traverse of an electric pole in the steppe). Also we found empty nest at the low pine-tree left some years ago. A hunting adult was observed in the Eastern Kalba. Additionally Dr. Marc Pestov recorded an active nest (with fledglings) on a tree in a sparse pine forest in the Central Kalba (Pestov, this issue). Obviously the Imperial Eagle is the most rare eagle in the surveyed territory. The Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus; 3 records), the Montagu's Harrier (C. pygargus; 25 records) and the Marsh Harrier (C. aeruginosus; 1 records) were found presumably in their breeding territories while any nest wasn't found. The Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus, evidently this species may hybridize here with the Upland Buzzard, Buteo hemilasius), Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo), Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus), Black Kite (Milvus migrans), and Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) were observed on the way. We recorded a nest with two fledglings of the Long-Legged Buzzard (probably hybrids) placed on the cliff; several other Long-Legged Buzzard' nests were empty and actually used by the Saker. We found 6 breeding territories of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). The active nests were found in 3 of them; and 3 territories have been revealed as possible breeding. The Saker nests were mainly on low-hilled plain with granite outcrops. The average distance between active nests was about 6.66 km. All pairs occupied nests built up by the Long-Legged Buzzard on rock cliffs. These breeding pairs seem to combine into local nesting group that covers the area about 700 km2 and include no less 14-18 pairs. A total 20-30 pairs are estimated to breed in the Kalba upland region. A total there were 19 records of the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) with no less 74 adults surveyed, including 12 colonies numbered 1-10 pairs (in average 2.6±2.44). The most colonies (8) were nesting at the old Kazakhs stony tombs and ruins (more than half of observerd old cemeteries and ruins were occupied by the Kestrel). Two colonies were located at the stone piles and two on cliffs. We not found the Lesser Kestrel throughout the eastern periphery of the Kalba Range. Among other falcons the Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) was the most numerous and frequent in the southern and eastern periphery of the Kalba Range (no less 130 adults were surveyed), both nests in rocks and at trees were found on the territory. The Hobby (Falco subbuteo; 8 records) also was found here in 2005 and 2006, while the Red-Footed Falcon (Falco vespertinus) was recorded once in 2005 only. Among owls the Scops Owl (Otus scops) was recorded the most frequently; we heard the Scops at all camping sites with trees to the east of E 81.9333°. The Long-Eared Owl (Asio otus; 2 breeding areas) and the Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus; 2 records) were observed as well. The Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) wasn't recorded in 2006 while one nesting site have been found in 2005.