К ВОПРОСУ О ВОСТОЧНЫХ ГРАНИЦАХ СИБИРСКОГО ХАНСТВА

• Main Authors: Матвеев, Алексей, Татауров, Сергей
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2013
• Subjects: ЗАПАДНАЯ СИБИРЬ; ИСТОРИЯ; СИБИРСКОЕ ХАНСТВО; ob river; Siberia
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-voprosu-o-vostochnyh-granitsah-sibirskogo-hanstva; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/14419124.png

Долгое время никто не мог аргументированно предложить конкретные географические рубежи для определения границ Сибирского ханства XVI в. Существовало мнение о том, что сибирские тюрко-татарские государства были полукочевыми образованиями, а их лидеры кочевниками, для которых границы не имели большого значения. Напротив, картографирование известных исторических событий, этнографических сведений, памятников археологии, проведенное авторами статьи, позволило конкретизировать вопрос о восточных границах Сибирского ханства Кучума на 1581 г. The specification of eastern frontiers of the Siberian khanate of Kuchum which according to preliminary data passed Tomsk Priobye was the purpose of work. In the 1980th N.A.Tomilov found out that in the XVI century in Tomsk Priobye was lived by Tomsk Tatars (eushtinets) and chats. The power of the Siberian khan carried in these territories, most likely formal character, local Turk peoples, probably, only were considered as his vassals. But on the other hand the Siberian khanate the authority and the army kept Kalmyks from attacks on eushtinsky and chatsky lands, thereby, acting as the guarantor of their safety. That khan Kuchum considered these lands as the, tells that fact what exactly here it moved after defeat on Irtysh-river, and the khan suffered the final defeat on lands of chats where it settled down near to the estuary of river of Irmeni. Tomsk Tatars had certain social and economic contacts to Barabinsk, Tobolsk and Tyumen Tatars. That fact that after the first battles lost by Kuchum in 1582 a part of tobolo-Irtysh Tatars including separate families of the Tyumen Tatars, moved far away from a battlefield on the territory Pritomya and even to Chulym. In search of materials which would allow to connect together the Turk groups living in the middle of II thousand AD in a forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia by us research of a number of settlements and burial grounds of the XVII-XVIII centuries in the bottom current of Tara-river, which appear in historical sources as Tatar's. Research of monuments of this time allowed to allocate a complex of material culture which can be an archaeological marker of these people. It is ceramics with certain forms and an ornament which is fixed at excavation of archaeological monuments of Tomsk Priobya, Baraby, Priirtyshje and Pritobolya. Mapping of known historical events, ethnographic data, monuments of archeology allows to concretize a question of eastern frontiers of the Siberian khanate of Kuchum at the moment of 1581. The khanate border in Priobye settled down in the area downstream the Tom' River where eushtinsky Tatars lived. Then it went on the southwest to Ob-river. Here «the Chat on a meadow» on Ormeni's river at Kuchum is higher arable lands settled down, and Kuchum's last battle with Andrey Voyeykov's group here took place. Further the border passed to the west almost in a straight line to Chan's lakes and further on the Irtysh River. Here the border was removed to the south in order that within the khanate there was the main latitudinal meridionalny transport overland way of the state passing on the southern coast of river Karagat. The southern border from the Ob River to Irtysh River was covered by the boundary townships which have been conveniently located in an average part of this distance Chinyaikh, Tyumenk, Novorozino's I sites of ancient settlement on islands of Chanovsky lakes, and also the site of ancient settlement of Chich I taken out to the south.