РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ТЕРРИТОРИИ

• Main Author: Степанько, Наталия
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2013
• Subjects: РЕСУРСОПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ; ПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ; ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ; ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННАЯ СТРУКТУРА; РОССИЙСКИЙ ДАЛЬНИЙ ВОСТОК; permafrost
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ratsionalnoe-prirodopolzovanie-i-ekologicheskaya-ustoychivost-territorii; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/14086453.png

Чем выше экологическая эффективность развития и функционирования экономики, ее отдельных видов деятельности, их экологическая чистота, тем выше экологическая устойчивость территориально-хозяйственной системы. Выбросы, свалки, истощение природных ресурсов являются основными элементами негативного влияния производства. Поэтому мониторинг природопользования, его динамики являются основной информационной базой для развития стратегии устойчивого природопользования на Российском Дальнем Востоке. Underestimation of the priority of the ecological factor and the public value of natural riches leads to a mistaken notion that it is necessary at first to solve economic and social problems and then to fix ecological ones. Finally, it results in the decrease of government's efforts to withdraw incomes paid by nature users to the federal and regional budgets, to increase their tax potential and to reduce expenses on environment conservation. Therefore, mechanism of regulation of nature management should contain elements expressing the features of its functioning in various regions because they have unique environment and potentials, specific history of development, settling, management and different levels of social and economic development. Ecological condition of the regions of the Russian Far East (RFE) as a result of existing industrial-natural relations is considered on the basis of methodological notions about nature management, regional nature management, sustainable development, ecological stability and offered indices. Environment condition in the Far East is characterized by imbalance of industrial-natural relations practically in all regions, i.e. infringement of conformity between development and distribution of manufacture, population distribution and ecological capacity of territories. Unique spatial-temporal variability of environment, wide development of a seasonal and multi-year permafrost determine smaller stability of the Far Eastern ecosystems relatively to the western areas of Russia. The basic types of resources of the RFE regions are used in agreement with importance of their nature-resource potential. Hence, the basic share in created ecological environment in the RFE regions is made up by the anthropogenic influence of industrial production, which in combination with active involving of various natural resources of the region in economic circulation leads to aggravation of environmental problems. Without decrease in the ecological damage resulted from large-scale influence of economic activities on environment, effective nature management and sustainable development of the Russian Far East will be complicated. The carried out researches and calculations showed that among regions there are distinctions both by separate components of total pollution and by the indicator of ecological condition, but for all territory of the RFE it is defined by water and air pollution. As the industrial structure in the considered regions will not change essentially in near future (there is a sufficient nature-resource potential in the regions of the RFE), the ecological condition as a result of the existing economic activity within most of the territories is unsatisfactory. Since achievement of an ecological optimum is impossible (there should be enough expenses for nature protection activity to prevent it from damage), the corresponding financing of nature protection actions, the structure of investments into environment protection necessary for the investigated period, and modern system of technological processes of manufacture, treatment and recycling of wastes should be the basic direction in optimization of industrial-natural relations. Regulation of complex rational nature management in regions should arise from the concept, principles and methods of its realization from the positions of the new knowledge of ecology, another model of the very process of nature management, reflecting changes in views on the nature of riches, values, on the images about the place and the role of nature management in social and economic development of the regions and people's life activity.