ПЕРЕУСТРОЙСТВО ОБРАЗА ЖИЗНИ КОРЕННЫХ НАРОДОВ КАМЧАТКИ ЗА ГОДЫ СОВЕТСКОЙ ВЛАСТИ: ПОПЫТКА РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНОГО СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОГО АНАЛИЗА

• Main Author: Грицай, Ирина
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Камчатский государственный университет им. Витуса Беринга" 2003
• Subjects: Kamchatka; Koryak; КАМЧАТК*
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pereustroystvo-obraza-zhizni-korennyh-narodov-kamchatki-za-gody-sovetskoy-vlasti-popytka-retrospektivnogo-sravnitelnogo-analiza; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/14026687.png

The state policy of the Soviet authority in the sphere of transformation of a way of life of peoples of the North and, particularly, peoples of Kamchatka was investigated by the Soviet scientists and was a bright example to propagandize of successes of Soviet system. The Soviet scientists compared life of Kamchatka"s native peoples during imperial and Soviet periods and life of native peoples in the western countries. They outlined positive aspects and ignored negative moments in the mode of life of the Kamchatka"s aborigines. In her article, I.V. Gritsaj tried to make an objective analysis of the state policy in the USSR in the field of reorganization a mode of life of native peoples of Kamchatka. The author chose some aspects for the analysis. The first aspect is living conditions of the native Kamchatka"s people. All-union and all-republic data showed the maintenance with habitation in Koryak autonomic region was higher than it was in Russia and Kamchatka district in a whole. But local statistic data showed another picture, for example, 83 percent native peoples of Koryak autonomic region had no comfortable habitation. Having compared attempts of the USA government to provide with habitation the American aborigines Indians I.V.Gritsaj comes to a conclusion, that living conditions of aboriginal Kamchatka"s peoples were not very differ than it were in the USA. Another aspect is mutual influence of Russian culture of native peoples of Kamchatka as the author concluded has more negative than positive results and progressive change were not so many as were announced by authorities. The policy of industrialization has suppressed a way of life of aborigines of Kamchatka, destructed their traditional economy and culture and ruined the native people"s health. The industrialization in Koryak autonomous region led to demographic overload of northern regions by visitors, basically, workers, and local residents could hardly blend with rigid mode of industrial production. The policy of industrialization collapsed the natural environment and a traditional economy. The Soviet state made two attempts in the 30-s, and 60-s years of the XX century to transform nomadic way of life of Kamchatka"s peoples to a settle one. There were used the administrative means and the approach to nomadic people was formal. Consequences of it were tragic. 130 settlements on Kamchatka were liquidated. This let to destruction of the national-territorial structure, traditional communications, has caused unemployment and has sharply increased death rate of aborigines. Besides, the transformation did not improve conditions of life of aborigines nor a life of reindeer breeders. I.V. Gritsaj comes to the conclusions that the reorganization of a way of life of aboriginal peoples of Kamchatka together with positive changes has given many negative consequences. I.V. Gritsaj"s work is based on the rich materials of archives, the statistical data, a plenty of monographers and scientific articles on the given problematic. The state policy of the Soviet authority in the sphere of transformation of a way of life of peoples of the North and, particularly, peoples of Kamchatka was investigated by the Soviet scientists and was a bright example to propagandize of successes of Soviet system. The Soviet scientists compared life of Kamchatka"s native peoples during imperial and Soviet periods and life of native peoples in the western countries. They outlined positive aspects and ignored negative moments in the mode of life of the Kamchatka"s aborigines. In her article, I.V. Gritsaj tried to make an objective analysis of the state policy in the USSR in the field of reorganization a mode of life of native peoples of Kamchatka. The author chose some aspects for the analysis. The first aspect is living conditions of the native Kamchatka"s people. All-union and all-republic data showed the maintenance with habitation in Koryak autonomic region was higher than it was in Russia and Kamchatka district in a whole. But local statistic data showed another picture, for example, 83 percent native peoples of Koryak autonomic region had no comfortable habitation. Having compared attempts of the USA government to provide with habitation the American aborigines Indians I.V.Gritsaj comes to a conclusion, that living conditions of aboriginal Kamchatka"s peoples were not very differ than it were in the USA. Another aspect is mutual influence of Russian culture of native peoples of Kamchatka as the author concluded has more negative than positive results and progressive change were not so many as were announced by authorities. The policy of industrialization has suppressed a way of life of aborigines of Kamchatka, destructed their traditional economy and culture and ruined the native people"s health. The industrialization in Koryak autonomous region led to demographic overload of northern regions by visitors, basically, workers, and local residents could hardly blend with rigid mode of industrial production. The policy of industrialization collapsed the natural environment and a traditional economy. The Soviet state made two attempts in the 30-s, and 60-s years of the XX century to transform nomadic way of life of Kamchatka"s peoples to a settle one. There were used the administrative means and the approach to nomadic people was formal. Consequences of it were tragic. 130 settlements on Kamchatka were liquidated. This let to destruction of the national-territorial structure, traditional communications, has caused unemployment and has sharply increased death rate of aborigines. Besides, the transformation did not improve conditions of life of aborigines nor a life of reindeer breeders. I.V. Gritsaj comes to the conclusions that the reorganization of a way of life of aboriginal peoples of Kamchatka together with positive changes has given many negative consequences. I.V. Gritsaj"s work is based on the rich materials of archives, the statistical data, a plenty of monographers and scientific articles on the given problematic.