О ВЛИЯНИИ ЗАБОЛОЧЕННОСТИ И ЛЕСИСТОСТИ ВОДОСБОРОВ НА ВОДНЫЙ СТОК РЕК ТАЕЖНОЙ ЗОНЫ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

• Main Authors: Савичев, Олег, Базанов, Владимир, Скугарев, Андрей
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2011
• Subjects: ВОДНЫЙ СТОК; ЗАБОЛОЧЕННОСТЬ И ЛЕСИСТОСТЬ ВОДОСБОРОВ; ЗАПАДНАЯ СИБИРЬ; ДИСТАНЦИОННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ; Chaya; Iksa; ob river; taiga; Siberia
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-vliyanii-zabolochennosti-i-lesistosti-vodosborov-na-vodnyy-stok-rek-taezhnoy-zony-zapadnoy-sibiri; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/14011393.png

Получены новые данные об общей площади водосборов рек таежной зоны Западной Сибири, их лесистости и заболоченности, позволяющие по-новому взглянуть на проблему определения водного стока гидрологически неизученных рек. Уточнены значения модулей максимального, минимального и среднего водных сток рр. Чая, Икса, Андарма, Бакчар, Ключ, Васюган, Горчак, Парабель, Кенга, Чузик с учетом новых данных о площади водосборов. Показано, что связь между заболоченностью, лесистостью и водным стоком является неоднозначной, в связи с чем необходим более детальный анализ структуры заболоченных и лесных территорий. Установлено, что влияние лесистости и заболоченности различным образом проявляется для рек с площадью водосбора до и свыше 5000 км2, что позволяет уточнить границу между малыми и средними реками таежной зоны. Researches of influence of marshiness and forests on the water flow of average (with the basin area from 2000 to 50000 km2) and small (with the basin area up to 2000 km2) rivers of the taiga zone of Western Siberia are made. The object of research are the tributaries of the Ob river the Chaya, the Iksa, the Andarma, the Bakchar, the Kluch, the Vasyugan, the Gorchak, the Parabel, the Kenga, and the Chuzik. Researches included two basic stages. At the first stage, with the use of remote data (Landsat 7), the boundaries of the river basins were received. The estimation of forest land and marshiness of the river basins was also made as a result of the analysis of the remote data information, materials of hydrological observation of Roshydromet (Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia) and the authors survey. At the second stage, comparison of the remote data and the hydrological data was executed using statistical analysis. The analysis of the remote data has shown that the basin area of all the researched average rivers has declined. In case of the small rivers with highly boggy basins the opposite situation is observed the areas of their basins have expanded if to compare with the already known data. The changes can be connected with the following: 1) less precise topographical maps that helped define the areas of bogs and forest, and 2) distinctions in methodology of research. For example, in our work the lines of run-off and the certain changes in the structure of river basin ecosystems (the period between measurements is about 50 years) were taken into account. Thus, we have calculated the modules of the average, maximal and minimal water flow (during the winter and summer-autumnal periods) and carried out their correlation analysis, which allowed us to reveal statistically significant connections between the morphometric and the hydrological characteristics. It was shown that the values of the module of the minimal flow grow with the increase of the total area of forest and bogs, and the values of the maximal flow decrease. The inverse relationship between the module of the maximal flow and the total area of forest land or marshiness of the river basin is shown in the areas of the corresponding ecological systems of 5000-6000 km2. It allows assuming that it is this factor that divides the taiga rivers into small (azonal) and average (zonal). As a whole, bogs and forest are not factors, which unequivocally influence the water flow of the rivers in the taiga zone of Western Siberia.